{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:52:19Z","timestamp":1790787139106,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,7]],"date-time":"2012-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The open surgical wound is exposed to cold dry ambient air, resulting in substantial heat loss through radiation, evaporation, and convection. At the same time, anesthesia decreases the patient\u2019s core temperature. Despite preventive measures, mild intraoperative hypothermia has been associated with postoperative morbidity. We hypothesized that local insufflation of warmed humidified carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) would maintain wound and core temperature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty patients undergoing open colon surgery were randomized to standard warming measures, or to additional local wound insufflation of warmed (30\u00a0\u00b0C) humidified (93 % rH) CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> via a gas diffuser. Surface temperature of the open abdominal wound was measured with a heat\u2010sensitive infrared camera, and core temperature was measured with an ear thermometer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean operative time was 219 \u00b1 104 and 205 \u00b1 85\u00a0min in the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group and the control group, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.550). Clinical variables did not differ significantly between the groups. The median wound area and wound edge temperatures were 1.2\u00a0\u00b0C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 1.0\u00a0\u00b0C (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) higher in the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group, respectively, than in the control group. The mean core temperature after intubation was the same (35.9\u00a0\u00b0C) in both groups, but at end of surgery core temperature in the two groups differed, with a mean of 36.2 \u00b1 0.5\u00a0\u00b0C in the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group and a mean of 35.8 \u00b1 0.5\u00a0\u00b0C in the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Insufflation of warmed, humidified CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in an open surgical wound cavity prevents intraoperative decrease in surgical wound temperature as well as core temperature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1735-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,6]],"date-time":"2012-08-06T18:01:41Z","timestamp":1344276101000},"page":"2567-2575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Intraoperative Local Insufflation of Warmed Humidified CO<sub>2<\/sub> Increases Open Wound and Core Temperatures: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Joana M. 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