{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:38:17Z","timestamp":1768451897786,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spasm of the internal anal sphincter is considered to be one of the causes of pain in anal diseases. We have evaluated the effects of topical diltiazem on postoperative pain after hemorrhoidectomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010two patients were randomly assigned to receive a 2 % diltiazem gel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32) or a placebo gel (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) after hemorrhoidectomy. Patients applied the gel to the anal region three times per day for 14\u00a0days. Pain both in the resting state and on defecation ranged from 0 to 10 on a numerical rating scale, and the number of prescribed loxoprofen tablets (Loxonin) were recorded and confirmed daily by telephone. Any morbidity during the follow\u2010up period was recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both pain scores during defecation and the number of analgesic tablets consumed tended to be lower in the diltiazem group, although they did not reach statistical significance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.09, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.12, respectively). Total number of complications was significantly higher in the diltiazem group, but each incidence of complications, including itching sensation, headache, and dizziness was not statistically different.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perianal application of 2 % diltiazem gel after hemorrhoidectomy has the potential to reduce postoperative pain during defecation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-2124-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T14:35:30Z","timestamp":1371479730000},"page":"2454-2457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Randomized, Prospective, Double\u2010blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial of the Effect of Diltiazem Gel on Pain After Hemorrhoidectomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Kameda Medical Center 929 Higashi\u2010cho 296\u20100041 Kamogawa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Kameda Medical Center 929 Higashi\u2010cho 296\u20100041 Kamogawa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyasu","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Kameda Medical Center 929 Higashi\u2010cho 296\u20100041 Kamogawa Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Kashiwagura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadanori","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Kameda Medical Center Kamogawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810707"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(97)09003\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350\u2010007\u20109174\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234622"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"353","article-title":"Initial study to assess the effects of topical glyceryl trinitrate for pain after haemorrhoidectomy","volume":"2","author":"Elton C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Surg 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