{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T02:00:26Z","timestamp":1780624826188,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]],"date-time":"2014-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]],"date-time":"2014-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endemic goiter remains a serious public health problem and 75 % of people affected live in underdeveloped countries where treatment is difficult for various reasons. The aim of this article is to report our experience in African countries with the management and surgical treatment of endemic goiter, performed in a nonhospital setting and without general anesthesia in the context of a collaborative development project by experienced endocrine surgeons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010six black African patients with a goiter were studied. Those in poor general health, the elderly, patients with either small goiters or clinical hyperthyroidism, and those presenting with an acute episode of malaria were excluded from the study. Cervical epidural anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation was used and a partial thyroidectomy was performed. The technique used, its immediate complications, and early and late follow\u2010up were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surgery was performed on 31 patients with grades 3 and 4 goiter without mortality and a morbidity rate of 11.9 %, with 97 % of all complications being minor. There were no instances of dysphonia or symptomatic hypocalcemia and the mean stay was 1.57\u00a0days (range 1.25\u20131.93). Follow\u2010up in the first year was 71 % and no case of severe or recurrent hypothyroidism was detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surgery without general anesthesia performed in a nonhospital setting in underdeveloped countries in patients with goiter is a viable option with good results and low morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2553-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T20:22:48Z","timestamp":1397247768000},"page":"2212-2216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surgical Treatment of Endemic Goiter in a Nonhospital Setting without General Anesthesia in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. D.","family":"Balsalobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. M.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Torregrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Tortosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department Sikasso Hospital Sikasso Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Parrilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Endocrine and GI Units Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Thyroid diseases in sub\u2010Saharan Africa","volume":"17","author":"Sidib\u00e9 EH","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sante"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"401","article-title":"Management strategies for endemic goiter in developing countries","volume":"59","author":"Kouame P","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265120334S305"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"431","article-title":"Iodized salt consumption in Sudan: present status and future directions","volume":"30","author":"Mahfouz MS","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01659054"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Problems after thyroid gland surgery in Burkina Faso, 83 cases","volume":"55","author":"Sano D","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010133\u20109\u2010200011070\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002\u20100016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010012\u20101768\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction due to goitre: detection, prevalence and results of surgical management","volume":"74","author":"Miller MR","year":"1990","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7029.484"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010007\u20109347\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10035-011-0041-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"287","article-title":"General and regional anaesthesia for thyroidectomy in rural\/semi\u2010urban Nigerian centres","volume":"86","author":"Musa AA","year":"2009","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230\u20108210.83331"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-014-2553-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00268-014-2553-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-014-2553-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T19:35:57Z","timestamp":1703619357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00268-014-2553-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00268-014-2553-8"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-014-2553-8","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]}}}