{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1790254961598,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>\nChildren in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMIC) often receive care outside the formal medical sector. Improving pre\u2010hospital first aid has proven to be highly cost\u2010effective in lowering trauma mortality. Few studies in LMIC have examined home first aid practices for injured children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a representative population\u2010based survey of 200 caregivers of children under 18 years of age, representing 6520 households. Caregivers were interviewed about their first aid practices and care\u2010seeking behaviors when a child sustained an injury at home. Injuries of interest included burns, lacerations, fractures and choking. Reported practices were characterized as recommended, low\u2010risk, and potentially harmful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For common injuries, 75\u201396 % of caregivers reported employing a recommended practice (e.g., running cool water over a burn injury). However, for these same injuries, 13\u201361 % of caregivers also identified potentially harmful management strategies (e.g., applying sand to a laceration). Choking had the highest proportion (96 %) of recommended first aid practice: (e.g., hitting the child\u2019s back) and the lowest percent (13 %) of potentially harmful practices (e.g., attempting manual removal). Fractures had the lowest percent (75 %) of recommended practices (e.g., immediately bringing the child to a health facility). Burns had the highest percent (61 %) of potentially harmful practices (e.g., applying kerosene).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While most caregivers were aware of helpful first aid practices to administer for a child injury, many parents also described potentially harmful practices or delays in seeking medical attention. As parents are the de facto first responders to childhood injury, there are opportunities to strengthen pre\u2010hospital care for children in LMICs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3061-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,16]],"date-time":"2015-04-16T16:54:19Z","timestamp":1429203259000},"page":"1859-1866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pediatric First Aid Practices in Ghana: A Population\u2010Based Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Gyedu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Private Mailbag, University Post Office Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Directorate of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Mock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harborview Injury Prevention &amp; Research Center University of Washington Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Global Health and Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Nakua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Easmon","family":"Otupiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Private Mailbag, University Post Office Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Directorate of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth E.","family":"Ebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harborview Injury Prevention &amp; Research Center University of Washington Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Health Services and Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA"},{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(12)61728\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"Injury: a leading cause of the global burden of disease, 2000","author":"Peden M","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","unstructured":"IHME. Data visualizations. Seattle (2013)http:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd\u2010cause\u2010patterns\/. Accessed 16 Dec 2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373\u2010199805000\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","volume-title":"Prehospital trauma care systems","author":"Sasser S","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000073609.12530.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010009\u20100180\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2002.002097"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins School of Public Health(2013)Family health and wealth study Insights on wealth measurement and change.http:\/\/www.jhsph.edu\/departments\/population\u2010family\u2010and\u2010reproductive\u2010health\/_docs\/seminar\u20102013\u201002\u201020\u2010fhws\u2010presentation.pdf. 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