{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T16:13:13Z","timestamp":1785687193710,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured the sizes of metastatic lymph nodes and the relationships thereof by <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/computer tomography (PET\/CT). We identified risk factors for nodal upstaging in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010five patients with ESCC who underwent esophagectomy with extensive mediastinal lymphadenectomy were assessed. Two radiologists blinded to pathology data reviewed PET\/CT scans, evaluating both primary tumors and lymph node involvement. A pathologist examined all metastatic lymph nodes in terms of maximal diameter (LNmax), the size of the metastatic focus (Fmax), and the metastasis occupation ratio (MOR = Fmax\/LNmax).\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The maximal tumor length averaged 2.9 \u00b1 0.2\u00a0cm and the mean SUVmax of the primary lesion 5.3 \u00b1 0.5. On PET\/CT scans, 26 (30.6 %) patients exhibited nodal metastasis and 59 (69.4 %) did not. Pathology grades of pN0, pN1, pN2, and pN3 were assigned to 45 (52.9 %), 24 (28.2 %), 13 (15.3 %), and 3 (3.5 %) patients, respectively. Nodal upstaging was evident in 29 (34.1 %) cases. In 123\u00a0metastatic nodes of 4212\u00a0nodes dissected, the LNmax was 6.60 \u00b1 0.39\u00a0mm, the Fmax 4.47 \u00b1 0.35\u00a0mm, and the MOR 0.68 \u00b1 0.03. Of 123\u00a0nodes, 85 (69.1 %) were retrieved from PET\u2010negative stations, and the LNmax and Fmax values of these nodes were 5.88 \u00b1 0.42 and 3.75 \u00b1 0.31\u00a0mm, respectively. Upon multivariate analysis, tumor length (OR 1.666, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.019) and lymphovascular invasion (OR 41.038, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) were risk factors for nodal upstaging.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant proportion of nodal metastases were too small to detect via PET\/CT imaging. Therefore, meticulous lymph node dissection might be helpful in ESCC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3221-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,31]],"date-time":"2015-08-31T18:06:05Z","timestamp":1441044365000},"page":"2948-2954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Relationship Between the Size of Metastatic Lymph Nodes and Positron Emission Tomographic\/Computer Tomographic Findings in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Seong Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Yonsei University, College of Medicine 50 Yonsei\u2010ro, Seodaemun\u2010gu 120\u2010752 Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Yonsei University, College of Medicine 50 Yonsei\u2010ro, Seodaemun\u2010gu 120\u2010752 Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Suk","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Yonsei University, College of Medicine 50 Yonsei\u2010ro, Seodaemun\u2010gu 120\u2010752 Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Jin","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine 50 Yonsei\u2010ro, Seodaemun\u2010gu Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine 50 Yonsei\u2010ro, Seodaemun\u2010gu Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol Keun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Yonsei University College of Medicine 50 Yonsei\u2010ro, Seodaemun\u2010gu Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Distinctive clinicopathological characteristics in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Kuwano H","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.7.1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010010\u20101024\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"857","article-title":"The additional value of integrated PET\/CT over PET in 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