{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:48:56Z","timestamp":1790470136879,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with Cushing\u2019s Syndrome (CS) and Conn\u2019s Syndrome with bilateral adrenal masses pose a dilemma. Uptake of 18F\u2010FDG by hyperfunctioning adrenal glands has not been previously reported and may help lateralize. The aim was to determine if 18F\u2010FDG PET\/CT scan could identify hyperfunctioning adrenal masses and determine a biological basis for uptake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with nonfunctional adenomas (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9), CS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11), and Conn\u2019s syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4) underwent an 18F\u2010FDG PET\/CT scan with a volume of interest circumscribing each mass to obtain a maximal standardized uptake value (SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>). Thirty\u2010two adrenal masses were analyzed. Genome\u2010wide expression data from an independent cohort were analyzed in nonfunctioning adenomas (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20), Conn\u2019s syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29), and CS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 24) focusing on <jats:italic>GLUT<\/jats:italic> genes. For genes differentially expressed, immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cortisol\u2010secreting masses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16) had a higher average SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> of 5.9 compared to nonfunctioning masses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11, average SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> 4.2) and aldosterone\u2010hypersecreting masses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5, average SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> 3.2) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). SUV<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> cut\u2010off of 5.33 had 50.0 % sensitivity and 81.8 % specificity in localizing a cortisol\u2010secreting mass. <jats:italic>GLUT3<\/jats:italic> expression was 2.19\u2010fold higher in patients with CS compared to patients with nonfunctioning adenomas (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) and 2.16\u2010fold higher in patients with CS compared to Conn\u2019s syndrome (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006). GLUT3 immunohistochemistry showed 2.2\u2010fold higher staining in CS tumor samples compared to nonfunctioning adenomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential 18F\u2010FDG PET\/CT uptake was observed in patients with nonfunctioning, aldosterone\u2010hypersecreting, and cortisol\u2010secreting masses. <jats:italic>GLUT3<\/jats:italic> overexpression in cortisol\u2010secreting tumor likely accounts for the differential uptake. Future larger cohort studies will need to be conducted to determine if 18F\u2010FDG PET\/CT uptake can lateralize cortisol\u2010secreting adrenal masses in patients with bilateral adrenal masses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-015-3242-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,31]],"date-time":"2015-08-31T18:38:16Z","timestamp":1441046296000},"page":"683-689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["FDG PET\/CT Scan and Functional Adrenal Tumors: A Pilot Study for Lateralization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Dhaval","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Branch, Clinical Research Center National Cancer Institute, NIH Building 10\u2010CRC, Room 3\u20105840 20892 Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudheer Kumar","family":"Gara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Branch, Clinical Research Center National Cancer Institute, NIH Building 10\u2010CRC, Room 3\u20105840 20892 Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania 19104 Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriem","family":"Boufraqech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Branch, Clinical Research Center National Cancer Institute, NIH Building 10\u2010CRC, Room 3\u20105840 20892 Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naris","family":"Nilubol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Branch, Clinical Research Center National Cancer Institute, NIH Building 10\u2010CRC, Room 3\u20105840 20892 Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina","family":"Millo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET Department, Clinical Center NIH 20892 Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantine A.","family":"Stratakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH 20892 Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Electron","family":"Kebebew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Oncology Branch, Clinical Research Center National Cancer Institute, NIH Building 10\u2010CRC, Room 3\u20105840 20892 Bethesda MD 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