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The aim of this review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the TT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of TTs in rectal cancer surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven trials with 1609 participants were included. The TT group had a lower anastomotic leakage rate than the non\u2010transanal tube group [RR 0.38; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.25\u20130.58; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001], as well as a lower reoperation rate (RR 0.31; 95 % CI 0.19\u20130.53; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) and a shorter hospital stay (mean = \u22122.59\u00a0days; 95 % CI \u22123.69 to \u22121.49; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). There were no significant differences in mortality between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TT use in rectal cancer surgery is likely to be an effective and safe method of preventing and reducing anastomotic leakage and is associated with a decreased risk of reoperation and faster recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-016-3758-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T16:23:35Z","timestamp":1476289415000},"page":"267-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Transanal Tube for the Prevention of Anastomotic Leakage After Rectal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Wen\u2010Tao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 16 Airport Road 510405 Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning\u2010Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Hospital of Chengdu Office of People\u2019s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Yan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Chengdu Second People\u2019s Hospital Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010010\u20100831\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350\u2010004\u20100869\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350\u2010006\u20100703\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamasurg.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133186.81222.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20101318.2006.01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595\u2010008\u20103835\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31827b8ed9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9697"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.2002.1416"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617495"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010011\u20101053\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02586445"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"529","article-title":"Endoluminal pressure: risk factor for anastomotic dehiscence in rectal carcinoma. 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