{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:43:02Z","timestamp":1784248982559,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486944000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no consensus opinion on a definitive surgical management option for ranulas to curtail recurrence, largely from the existing gap in knowledge on the pathophysiologic basis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To highlight the current scientific basis of ranula development that informed the preferred surgical approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public Tertiary Academic Health Institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 7\u2010year 7\u2010month study of ranulas surgically managed at our tertiary health institution was undertaken\u2014June 1, 2008\u2013December 31, 2015\u2014from case files retrieved utilising the ICD\u201010 version 10 standard codes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve cases, representing 0.4 and 1.2% of all institutional and ENT operations, respectively, were managed for ranulas with a M:F = 1:1. The ages ranged from 5\/12 to 39 years, mean = 18.5 years, and the disease was prevalent in the third decade of life. Main presentation in the under\u2010fives was related to airway and feeding compromise, while in adults, cosmetic facial appearance. Ranulas in adults were plunging (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8, 58.3%), left\u2010sided save one with M:F = 2:1. All were unilateral with R:L = 1:2. Treatment included aspiration (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2, 16.7%) with 100% recurrence, intra\u2010\/extraoral excision of ranula only (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4, 33.3%) with recurrence rate of 50% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2, 16.7%), while marsupialisation in children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1, 8.3%) had no recurrence. Similarly, transcervical approach (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5, 41.7%) with excision of both the ranula\/sublingual salivary gland recorded zero recurrence. Recurrence was the main complication (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 4, 33.3%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the current knowledge on the pathophysiologic basis, extirpation of both the sublingual salivary gland and the ranula by a specialist surgeon is key for a successful outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-3901-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]],"date-time":"2017-02-13T18:06:21Z","timestamp":1487009181000},"page":"1476-1481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Ranula: Current Concept of Pathophysiologic Basis and Surgical Management Options"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kokong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oto\u2010Rhinolaryngology University of Jos Jos Nigeria"},{"name":"ORL\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augustine","family":"Iduh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ORL\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Jos University Teaching Hospital PMB 2076 Jos Plateau Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikechukwu","family":"Chukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ORL\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Jos University Teaching Hospital PMB 2076 Jos Plateau Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Mugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jos University Teaching Hospital PMB 2076 Jos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Nuhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, College of Medicine University of Jos &amp; Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sule","family":"Augustine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine University of Jos &amp; Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537\u2010198803000\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"GoldenB DrakeAF TalaveraFet al (2016)Ranulas and plunging ranulas. 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