{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:24:15Z","timestamp":1792607055540,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488412800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injuries result in 5.8\u00a0million global fatalities annually and are the leading cause of death in younger individuals. Nevertheless, population\u2010based autopsy investigations on traumatic deaths are scarce. We set out to study all consecutive autopsies on traumatic fatalities performed in a 5\u2010year time segment in Estonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After the ethics review board approval, all consecutive autopsies after blunt or penetrating deaths occurring in prehospital or in\u2010hospital settings between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013, were retrospectively reviewed using the National Forensic Medicine Database. Fatalities due to suffocation, intoxication, burns, or freezing were excluded. Data collection included demographics, mechanism of injuries, cause of death, and a detailed injury profile. Primary outcome was cause of death. Secondary outcomes included injury patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 1344 autopsies were included. 75.7% of deaths were following blunt trauma. Mean age was 50.4 \u00b1 18.5 years, and 77.1% were male. A total of 71.8% of deaths occurred in the prehospital setting. Accidents, assaults, and suicides constituted 64.4, 20.5, and 15.2% of deaths, respectively. A total of 51.1% of injury fatalities had a positive blood alcohol level (BAL). Mean injury severity score was 39.7 \u00b1 23.9. Most common cause of death was due to head injuries at 50.5% followed by hemorrhage at 30.4%. Cardiac and aortic injuries were the predominant cause of hemorrhage\u2010related fatalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current population\u2010based investigation documented brain injury as the predominant cause of death followed by cardiac and aortic injuries. High incidence of positive BAL among injury fatalities requires national initiatives for alcohol harm reduction and law enforcement efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-3929-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]],"date-time":"2017-03-02T17:21:34Z","timestamp":1488475294000},"page":"1790-1795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Population\u2010Based Autopsy Study of Traumatic Fatalities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Saar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery North Estonia Medical Center Tallinn Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lomp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Laos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery North Estonia Medical Center Tallinn Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Mihnovit\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"\u0160alkauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Tartu University Hospital \u00dclikooli 18 50090 Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Lustenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"V\u00e4li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Lepner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Tartu University Hospital \u00dclikooli 18 50090 Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Talving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia"},{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery North Estonia Medical Center Tallinn Estonia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Tartu University Hospital \u00dclikooli 18 50090 Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Violence and injury prevention.http:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/key_facts\/en\/. 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