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Antireflux mechanisms include the lower esophageal sphincter and abdominal esophagus, the diaphragm, the angle of His, the Gubaroff valve, and the phrenoesophageal membrane. Protective mechanisms include esophageal motility, saliva production, and epithelial protection. Disruption of this balance occurs most commonly due to the presence of a hiatal hernia, esophageal dysmotility, a rise in abdominal pressure (obesity), and decrease in thoracic pressure (chronic lung diseases).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-3952-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]],"date-time":"2017-03-03T16:52:44Z","timestamp":1488559964000},"page":"1666-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Mariano A.","family":"Menezes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando A. 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