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About 10\u201315% of patients with GERD will develop Barrett\u2019s esophagus (BE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aims of this study were to review the available evidence of the pathophysiology of BE and the role of anti\u2010reflux surgery in the treatment of this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transformation of the squamous epithelium into columnar epithelium with goblet cells is due to the chronic injury produced by repeated reflux episodes. It involves genetic mutations that in some patients may lead to high\u2010grade dysplasia and cancer. There is no strong evidence that anti\u2010reflux surgery is associated with resolution or improvement in BE, and its indications should be the same as for other GERD patients without BE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with BE without dysplasia require endoscopic surveillance, while those with low\u2010 or high\u2010grade dysplasia should have consideration of endoscopic eradication therapy followed by surveillance. New endoscopic treatment modalities are being developed, which hold the promise to improve the management of patients with BE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-3957-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,3]],"date-time":"2017-03-03T16:54:13Z","timestamp":1488560053000},"page":"1698-1704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["From Heartburn to Barrett\u2019s Esophagus, and Beyond"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Schlottmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco G.","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing University of North Carolina 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