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We evaluated the correlation between the expression of these three DNA repair genes and clinical outcomes in patients with rectal cancer receiving FOLFOX\u2010based preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1\u00a0in pre\u2010CRT cancer tissues from 86 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone curative resection and preoperative CRT with FOLFOX\u20104 to identify potential predictors of clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following CRT, 57 and 29 patients were classified as responders (pathological tumor regression grade TRG 0 and TRG 1) and poor responders (TRG 2 and TRG 3), respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that ERCC1 overexpression was correlated with a poor CRT response [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001; odds ratio (OR), 9.397; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.721\u201332.457]. Furthermore, a poor response to CRT (pathological TRG of 2\u20133) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.18; OR 5.685; 95% CI 1.349\u201323.954) and abnormal pre\u2010CRT serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels (&gt;5\u00a0ng\/mL) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03; OR 6.288; 95% CI 1.198\u201333.006) were independent predictors of postoperative relapse. By contrast, ERCC2 and XRCC1 expression did not play predictive roles in the analyzed patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>\nERCC1 overexpression is associated with a poor preoperative CRT response in patients with rectal cancer receiving FOLFOX\u2010based preoperative CRT. ERCC1 is a potential biomarker for identifying patients who can benefit from customized treatment programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4070-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,12]],"date-time":"2017-06-12T16:15:41Z","timestamp":1497284141000},"page":"2884-2897","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Relationship Between Expression of Proteins ERCC1, ERCC2, and XRCC1 and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated with FOLFOX\u2010Based Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Yii","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Biomarkers and Biotech 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Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chee\u2010Yin","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 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