{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:31:44Z","timestamp":1792679504350,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although biological grafts have been utilized as a vascular conduit in leg bypass for many years, reports of a bovine carotid artery graft (BCAG) in lower extremity revascularization have been scarce. This study analyzed the outcome of lower leg bypass using BCAG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of all patients undergoing lower extremity bypass using BCAG from 2002 to 2017 was performed. Clinical outcomes including graft patency and limb salvage were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 124 BCAG (Artegraft, North Brunswick, NJ) were implanted in 120 patients for lower extremity revascularization. Surgical indications included disabling claudication in 12%, rest pain in 36%, tissue loss in 48%, and infected prosthetic graft replacement in 3%. Autologous saphenous vein was either inadequate or absent in 72% of patients. BCAG was used in 46 patients (37%) who had a prior failed ipsilateral leg bypass. Distal anastomosis was performed in the above\u2010knee popliteal artery, below\u2010knee popliteal artery, and tibial artery in 30 cases (25%), 32 cases (26%), and 48 cases (39%), respectively. Distal anastomotic patch was created in all tibial artery to allow BCAG\u2010tibial reconstruction. The yearly primary patency rates in 5 years were 86.5, 76.4, 72.2, 68.3, and 67.5%, respectively. The corresponding yearly secondary patency rates were 88.5, 84.7, 82.4, 78.5, and 75.6%, respectively. The limb salvage rate at one year was 83.6% and at five years was 86.2% for patients with critical limb ischemia. Multivariate analysis showed poor runoff score (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03, 95% CI, 1.3\u20135.3; OR, 1.6) was independently associated with graft occlusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BCAG is an excellent vascular conduit and provides good long\u2010term results in lower extremity bypass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4161-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T09:40:45Z","timestamp":1502962845000},"page":"295-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Lower Extremity Bypass Using Bovine Carotid Artery Graft (Artegraft): An Analysis of 124 Cases with Long\u2010Term Results"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Lindsey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza 77030 Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Echeverria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza 77030 Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univesity Vascular Associates Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kfoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza 77030 Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Bechara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3110-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter H.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza 77030 Houston TX USA"},{"name":"Univesity Vascular Associates Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1984.01390230010002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"921","article-title":"Randomization of autogenous vein and polytetrafluorethylene grafts in femoral\u2010distal reconstruction","volume":"92","author":"Bergan JJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741\u20105214(97)70051\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109610(77)90343\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","first-page":"618","article-title":"Clinical experience with modified human umbilical cord vein for arterial bypass","volume":"79","author":"Dardik 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