{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:30:16Z","timestamp":1761744616812},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This project explores the\ncosts of cleft lip and\/or palate surgeries in Palestine and Sudan, two low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMIC), in the Middle East. Our purpose is to examine the veracity of advertisements from international cleft organizations claiming that \u201c250 US dollars (USD) covers the cost of a single cleft surgery.\u201d We hypothesize that the actual cost of surgery is greater than 250 USD.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Costs for each cleft surgery were organized broadly into 5 categories: hospital charges, personnel (time and money spent for health professionals to travel to LMIC, including lost wages), tests, consumables, and reusables. Each item was priced at market value during the time of data collection. Following itemization of actual costs, we compared the costs per cleft surgery among four surgical practice models: (1) visiting international surgical teams, (2) visiting international surgeon working with local teams, (3) local teams working at government hospitals, and (4) local teams working at private hospitals.\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that 250 USD is an underestimate of actual costs per cleft surgery in all models. The most expensive model in both Palestine and Sudan was the first model, visiting international teams performing all team functions; the cheapest surgical model in both countries was a local team working at government hospitals. The largest cost for any of these models is travel and lost wages for international team members. Eliminating this single cost (travel) decreases overall cost tremendously, but still does not approach the advertised cost of 250 USD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that 250 USD underestimates the actual costs to perform a single cleft surgery in Palestine and Sudan. If international cleft organizations are genuinely committed to creating sustainable international cleft programs, they should focus exclusively on training local professionals to perform surgery in hospitals of their own choosing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T14:43:27Z","timestamp":1508251407000},"page":"1239-1247","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["What is the Cost of Free Cleft Surgery in the Middle East?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Samar","family":"Sheriff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnet Avenue, MCL # 2020 45229 Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan J.","family":"Zawahrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology 22110 Al\u2010Rumtha, Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lenisa V.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics University of Cincinnati 2925 Campus Green Dr 45221 Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonay","family":"Beyatli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acibadem University School of Medicine Kerem Aydinlar Kampusu, Kayisdagi Caddesi No:32 34752 Atasehir, Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haithem M.","family":"Elhadi Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnet Avenue, MCL # 2020 45229 Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashton L.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnet Avenue, MCL # 2020 45229 Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalyia","family":"Biskup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnet Avenue, MCL # 2020 45229 Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"van Aalst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnet Avenue, MCL # 2020 45229 Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","unstructured":"Smile Train(2016) Cleft repair surgery costing $250 contributes up to $50 000 to local economy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"Operation Smile:https:\/\/secure.operationsmile.org\/site\/Donation2?df_id=33669&33669.donation=form1&utmsource=bing&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=Operation%20Smile&utm_campaign=Paid"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MageeWPet al. Cleft lip and palate as a cost\u2010effective health care treatment in the developing world.World J Surg(2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0333-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181ea90cf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06\u2010233.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","unstructured":"American Society of Plastic Surgeons National Clearing house of Plastic Surgery Statistics. 2009 Report of the 2008 Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490912400315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181f95af3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","unstructured":"XE Currency Converter: USD to SDG. XE: Convert USD\/SDG. United States Dollar to Israel Shekel. XE Currency Converter"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","unstructured":"XE Currency Converter: USD to SDG. XE: Convert USD\/SDG. United States Dollar to Sudan Pound. XE Currency Converter"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","unstructured":"Purchasing\u2010power parity.World Bank Data Repository.https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/ https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/PA.NUS.PPP?view=chart"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010017\u20103875\u20100"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T15:35:26Z","timestamp":1703604926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-017-4309-8","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]}}}