{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:43:24Z","timestamp":1783100604358,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2015, the public media in Australia reported a series of life stories of victims who had been subjected to inappropriate behaviors in their surgical careers, bringing the profession into disrepute. Currently, limited data are available in the medical literature on discrimination, bullying and harassment (DBH) in surgery. This significant information gap prompted a systematic review to compile relevant information about DBH in surgical practice and training, in particular, its prevalence and impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed databases (May 1929\u2013October 2017). Studies identified were appraised with standard selection criteria. Data points were extracted, and meta\u2010analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight studies, comprising 5934 participants, were examined. Discrimination occurred in a pooled estimate of 22.4% [95% Confidence Interval (CI)\u2009=\u200914.0\u201333.9%]. One of the papers reported the prevalence of bullying using two methods including Revised Negative Acts Questionnaire and a definition by Einarsen. Pooled estimate of incidence rate was thus 37.7% (95% CI\u2009=\u200934.0\u201341.5%) and 40.3% (95% CI\u2009=\u200934.7\u201346.2%), respectively. In terms of harassment, pooled prevalence was 31.2% (95% CI\u2009=\u200910.0\u201365.0%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>DBH is a significant issue in surgery. The true incidence of these issues may remain underestimated. Actions are being taken by professional bodies to create a positive culture in surgery. The effectiveness of these strategies is yet to be determined. More studies are warranted to investigate the magnitude of these issues given their psychological impact, and more importantly to monitor the effectiveness of current measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4716-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T15:52:31Z","timestamp":1530633151000},"page":"3867-3873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Discrimination, Bullying and Harassment in Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Yeqian","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital 2050 Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence C.","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn P. M.","family":"Saw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgery The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia The University of Sydney North Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital 2050 Camperdown NSW Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Surgery The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"RPAH Medical Centre Suite 415\/100 Carillon Ave 2042 Newton NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","unstructured":"Australian Medical Association of Queensland. 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