{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:00:31Z","timestamp":1788238831976,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the epidemiology of acute upper limb thromboembolism in a well\u2010defined Norwegian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a retrospective, single\u2010center, observational population\u2010based cohort study of acute upper limb thromboembolism. The study included all patients from the hospital's primary catchment area from January 2000 to December 2015. Age\u2010 and gender\u2010adjusted incidence rates were calculated using population demographics from Statistics Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 54 patients were identified, of which 49 were included in the analyses: 27 (55%) females (median age 83 years, range 40\u201396) and 22 (45%) males (median age 70 years, range 42\u201395) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.053). The adjusted incidence rate for the period was 1.6 patients per 100,000\u00a0inhabitants per year (95% confidence interval 1.2\u20132.2) and did not change significantly during the period studied. Atrial fibrillation was detected by electrocardiography in 30 (61%) patients; in this group, 10 patients were on warfarin but only two had an international normalized ratio\u2009&gt;\u20091.9 and the remaining 20 were not anticoagulated. Altogether, 38 (78%) patients underwent surgery, 1 (2%) was treated with thrombolysis, and the remaining patients were treated conservatively; no amputations were performed. Four patients (8%) died within 30\u00a0days, and 12 of the surviving 45 patients (27%) had recurrent thromboembolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence rate was stable during the study period. Patients with upper limb thromboembolism due to atrial fibrillation were inadequately anticoagulated. One in four patients experienced a recurrent thromboembolic event. Lifelong anticoagulation should be considered in all patients with upper limb thromboembolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05023-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T03:31:00Z","timestamp":1557804660000},"page":"2320-2327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Population\u2010Based Study of Incidence, Presentation, Management and Outcome of Primary Thromboembolic Ischemia in the Upper Extremity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"J\u00f8rgen B.","family":"Vennesland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery Unit Stavanger University Hospital PO Box 8100 4068 Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjetil","family":"S\u00f8reide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"},{"name":"University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Terje","family":"Kval\u00f8y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Stavanger University Hospital Stavanger Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Physics University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Reite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery Unit Stavanger University Hospital PO Box 8100 4068 Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Vetrhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery Unit Stavanger University Hospital PO Box 8100 4068 Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102168.1998.00884.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"836","article-title":"Upper limb arterial thromboembolism: a systematic review on incidence, risk factors, and prognosis, including a meta\u2010analysis of risk\u2010modifying drugs","volume":"11","author":"Andersen LV","year":"2013","journal-title":"JTH"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010146\u201012\u2010200706190\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574415596740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2017.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"Acute ischemia of the extremities in a metropolitan area during one year","volume":"25","author":"Dryjski M","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Outcome of surgical treatment in acute upper limb ischaemia","volume":"84","author":"Pentti J","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Chir Gynaecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(07)61602\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.12.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09\u20101584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","unstructured":"AragonTJ(2017)epitools: epidemiology tools. 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