{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:49:08Z","timestamp":1790434148956,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Futurum - Academy for Health and Care at Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County","award":["A-135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence studies demonstrate that a significant proportion of lithium\u2010treated patients develop hypercalcaemia (3\u201330%). Lithium\u2010associated hyperparathyroidism (LHPT) is poorly defined, and calcium homeostasis may be affected in a more complicated fashion than purely by elevated PTH secretion. The current study aims to examine in detail calcium homeostasis principally with regard to lithium duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of 297 lithium\u2010treated patients (193 women, 104\u00a0men; median age 58 years) were examined, and information on gender, age, lithium treatment duration and calcium homeostasis was obtained. The median treatment duration with lithium was 16 (1.5\u201345) years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 8504\u00a0calcium values were retrieved. Before initiation of lithium treatment, serum calcium was on average 2.33\u00a0mmol\/l (2.02\u20132.60). During the treatment period, 178 patients (60%) remained normocalcaemic, 102 (34%) developed hypercalcaemia or were strongly suspected of LHPT, 17 (6%) had 3 or more intermittent episodes of hypocalcaemia. Forty\u2010one per cent of patients with suspected or confirmed LHPT had low (&lt;4\u00a0mmol) 24\u2010h urine calcium levels. The success rate after 33 parathyroidectomies was 35%, hyperplasia being diagnosed in 75% of extirpated glands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of hypercalcaemia during lithium treatment is very high. In addition, hypocalcaemic episodes appear to occur frequently, possibly reflecting a more complicated parathyroid dysfunction than previously known. Long\u2010term surgical results are unsatisfactory. LHPT biochemical profile is different from that of primary hyperparathyroidism and is in some ways similar to familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05195-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T13:03:11Z","timestamp":1569416591000},"page":"517-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characterization of Calcium Homeostasis in Lithium\u2010Treated Patients Reveals Both Hypercalcaemia and Hypocalcaemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Adrian D.","family":"Meehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University 701 85 \u00d6rebro 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September 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"AM, GW, and JJ have nothing to declare. The authors have judged that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}