{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:47:57Z","timestamp":1761709677097},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP\u2010NEN) are rare, heterogeneous group which tend to rise in incidence. Epidemiological profile and outcomes of GEP\u2010NEN may vary among countries. The aim of study was to provide baseline clinical and histopathological features of patients with GEP\u2010NEN from tertiary referral hospitals in Latvia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study of patients with histologically confirmed diagnosis of GEP\u2010NEN treated between 2006 and 2018. Joinpoint regression modeling was used to estimate annual percentage change (APC) for incidence trends. Overall survival (OS) rate was obtained by Kaplan\u2013Meier method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 205 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 61.0 (IQR 52.0\u201370.5) years, 69.3% were females. The age\u2010adjusted incidence per 100 000\u00a0inhabitants increased from 0.03\u00a0in 2006 to 0.67\u00a0in 2018 with APC of 24.1%,<jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u20090.005. The most common primary tumor site was pancreas (30.7%), followed by stomach (24.9%) and small intestine (20.5%). Non\u2010functional tumors are present in 83.4%, while carcinoid syndrome in 7.8%. Stage IV metastatic disease was present in 27.8% tumors. The majority of patients (82%) received an operation with radical or palliative intent. The 1\u2010 and 3\u2010year OS rate were 88.0% (95% CI 83.3\u201392.7) and 77.1% (95% CI 70.4\u201383.8), respectively. Increasing tumor grade, stage and the presence of distant metastases were associated with significantly worse OS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study highlights increasing incidence of GEP\u2010NEN in Latvia. The most common primary site was pancreas and surgery considered as main modality of treatment. Registry and long\u2010term data collection are necessary to develop GEP\u2010NEN management concept in Latvia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05219-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T17:03:23Z","timestamp":1570813403000},"page":"585-593","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Epidemiological Data and Treatment of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Insights From Tertiary Referral Hospitals in Latvia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Margarita","family":"Ptasnuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Department of General and Emergency Surgery Riga East Clinical University Hospital 2 Hipokrata Str. 1038 Riga LV Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturs","family":"Ozolins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zenons","family":"Narbuts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturs","family":"Truskovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maris","family":"Sperga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Pathology Pathology Center Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haralds","family":"Plaudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia"},{"name":"Department of General and Emergency Surgery Riga East Clinical University Hospital 2 Hipokrata Str. 1038 Riga LV Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1115117"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/ERC\u201008\u20100017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"710","article-title":"Council Recommendation of 8 June 2009 on an action in the field of rare diseases","volume":"151","author":"EU council","year":"2009","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Age Standardization of Rates: A new WHO Standard","author":"Ahmad OB","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535\u2010009\u20100194\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.2017.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i47.9012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672\u2010018\u20100354\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2014.332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000151562"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1553061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011\u20100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902\u2010017\u20100190\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(17)30110\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902\u2010016\u20100089\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2012.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010015\u20104654\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","unstructured":"LewisA RaoofM ItuartePHet al. 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