{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:51:14Z","timestamp":1783705874035,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infected diabetic foot ulcers are always a problem for the surgeon, as well as, an economic burden upon the patient and state, in terms of increased hospital stay and cost of medications and dressings. Various methods have been devised for the treatment of infected wounds in history with varying results in different patients groups. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of topical insulin on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with the conventional Pyodine<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> povidone iodine dressing. Our objective was to compare effectiveness of topical insulin with conventional Pyodine<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> povidone iodine dressings in frequency of healing of diabetic foot ulcers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was a quasi\u2010experimental study done at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad over a period of 20\u00a0months from January 2015 to September 2016. One hundred ten patients were included in the study. Sampling technique used was non\u2010probability consecutive. Patients were assigned into two groups, group A receiving treatment with solution of 30 International Units Insulin Regular in 30\u00a0ml of normal saline and group B receiving conventional dressing with normal saline. The wound were compared for both groups at the days 7, 14 and 21 for wound healing. Complete healing time of diabetic foot ulcers was determined from patients\u2019 followup visits in outpatient department. Data was by analyzed by SPSS 20.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided equally into both control and experimental groups. The mean age of the patients was 53.23\u2009\u00b1\u20096.21 years. The mean pre\u2010treatment wound diameter was 4.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.85\u00a0cm in the placebo group, while it was 4.84\u2009\u00b1\u20090.81\u00a0cm in the topical insulin group (CI 0.29\u20130.35, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.875). The mean post\u2010treatment wound diameter was 3.90\u2009\u00b1\u20090.76\u00a0cm in the placebo group, while it was 2.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.57\u00a0cm in the topical insulin group (CI 0.44\u20130.58, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022). The mean wound difference was 0.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25\u00a0cm in the placebo group, while it was 2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34\u00a0cm in the topical insulin group (CI 0.40\u20130.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041). The mean percent reduction in wound diameter was 19.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6% in the placebo group, while it was 49.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2% cm in the topical insulin group (CI 10.6\u20136.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was significant contraction seen in the size of the ulcer in both the study groups depicting the healing process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05321-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T20:02:31Z","timestamp":1575921751000},"page":"2028-2033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effectiveness of Topical Insulin Dressings in Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mehreen K.","family":"Bhittani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences 44000 Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubarak","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shifa College of Medicine Shifa Tameer\u2010e\u2010Millat University Pitrus Bokhari Road H\u20108\/4 44000 Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humera N.","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shifa College of Medicine Shifa Tameer\u2010e\u2010Millat University Pitrus Bokhari Road H\u20108\/4 44000 Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar S.","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Hazro 43440 Hazro Tehsil, Attock District Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i6.850"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Comparative study between the effect of topical insulin and normal saline dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcers","volume":"4","author":"Ramarao K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Med 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December 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2020","order":2,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":3,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In the original article, Mehreen K. Bhettani\u2019s last name and Mubarik Rehman\u2019s first name are misspelled.","order":4,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interests or disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}