{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:45:29Z","timestamp":1790390729633,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large (\u22653\u00a0cm) benign thyroid nodules usually cause clinical symptoms or cosmetic concerns and therefore require treatment. Microwave ablation (MWA) is a potential valid non\u2010surgical treatment alternative, but there is a lack of evidence. Thus, this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MWA in the treatment of large benign thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted on 42 large benign thyroid nodules in 40 patients treated with MWA. We used the trans\u2010isthmic approach and moving\u2010shot technique to perform the procedure under ultrasound (US) guidance. Patients were followed by clinical and US examinations at 1, 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months after the MWA. Study outcomes were complications, volume reduction ratio (VRR), symptom and cosmetic scores, and the requirement of multiple MWA sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 31 females and 9\u00a0males, with a median age of 46 years. The medians of largest diameter and volume of the nodules were 40\u00a0mm and 22\u00a0ml. Four (10%) minor complications were observed. The mean VRR was 75.1, 85.2, and 96.4% after 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months. The mean symptom and cosmetic scores dropped from 8.0 and 3.8 (before treatment) to 2.8 and 2.3 (at 12\u00a0months), respectively. Thirteen nodules (31%) required two MWA sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MWA is safe, effective, and can be a good option to treat large benign thyroid nodules. More studies with large dataset and long follow\u2010up are required to improve its safety and efficacy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05432-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T19:02:45Z","timestamp":1582657365000},"page":"2272-2279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Efficacy of Microwave Ablation in the Treatment of Large (\u22653\u00a0cm) Benign Thyroid Nodules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Huynh Quang","family":"Khanh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Cho Ray Hospital 201B Nguyen Chi Thanh, Ward 12, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngo Quoc","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Cho Ray Hospital 201B Nguyen Chi Thanh, Ward 12, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu Huu","family":"Vinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Cho Ray Hospital 201B Nguyen Chi Thanh, Ward 12, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Van","family":"Khoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Cho Ray Hospital 201B Nguyen Chi Thanh, Ward 12, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City 217 Hong Bang, Ward 11, District 5 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2684-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Lam","family":"Vuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular 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