{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:22:56Z","timestamp":1761294176417,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute (<jats:italic>calculous<\/jats:italic>) cholecystitis (AC) is an extremely common surgical presentation, managed by cholecystectomy. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an alternative; however, its safety and efficacy, along with subsequent cholecystectomy, are underreported in South Africa, where patients often present late and access to emergency operating theatre is constrained. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the outcomes of PC in patients with AC not responding to antimicrobials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort review of patient records, who underwent PC in Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, between May 2013 and July 2016, was performed. Patients with PC for malignancy or <jats:italic>acalculous<\/jats:italic> cholecystitis were excluded. Technical success, clinical response, procedure\u2010related morbidity and mortality were recorded. Interval LC parameters were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Technical success and clinical improvement was seen in 29 of 37 patients (78.38%) who had PC. Malposition (8.11%) was the most common complication. Two patients required emergency surgery (5.4%), while one tube was dislodged. Median tube placement duration was 25\u00a0days (range 1\u2013211). Post\u2010procedure, 16 patients (43.24%) went on to have LC, of which 50% (eight patients) required conversion to open surgery and 25% (four) had subtotal cholecystectomy. Median surgical time was 130\u00a0min. There were no procedure\u2010related mortalities but eight patients (21.62%) died in the 90\u2010day period following tube insertion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with AC, PC is safe, with high technical success and low complication rate. Subsequent cholecystectomy should be performed, but is usually challenging. The requirement for PC may predict a more complex disease process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05752-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T16:03:46Z","timestamp":1598630626000},"page":"4077-4085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Placement in Cases of Non\u2010operative Cholecystitis: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karan","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Care Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Groote Schuur Hospital Anzio Road, Observatory 7925 Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Surgical Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery University of Cape Town Health Sciences 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