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The primary aim of this study was to measure the postoperative mortality rate in Tanzania's Lake Zone to provide a baseline for surgical strengthening efforts. The secondary aim was to measure the effect of Safe Surgery 2020, a multi\u2010component intervention to improve surgical quality, on postoperative mortality after 10\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively collected data on postoperative mortality from 20 health centers, district hospitals, and regional hospitals in Tanzania's Lake Zone over two time periods: pre\u2010intervention (February to April 2018) and post\u2010intervention (March to May 2019). We analyzed postoperative mortality rates by procedure type. We used logistic regression to determine the impact of Safe Surgery 2020 on postoperative mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall average in\u2010hospital non\u2010obstetric postoperative mortality rate for all surgery procedures was 2.62%. The postoperative mortality rates for laparotomy were 3.92% and for cesarean delivery was 0.24%. Logistic regression demonstrated no difference in the postoperative mortality rate after the Safe Surgery 2020\u00a0intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results inform national surgical planning in Tanzania by providing a sub\u2010national baseline estimate of postoperative mortality rates for multiple surgical procedures and serve as a basis from which to measure the impact of future surgical quality interventions. Our study showed no improvement in postoperative mortality after implementation of Safe Surgery 2020, possibly due to low power to detect change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05802-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T21:03:14Z","timestamp":1601413394000},"page":"41-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["In\u2010Hospital Postoperative Mortality Rates for Selected Procedures in Tanzania's Lake Zone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1806-9263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor","family":"Wurdeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"},{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Strader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Massachusetts Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehnaz","family":"Alidina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Barash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GE Foundation Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Citron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ntuli","family":"Kapologwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition Service President's Office \u2013 Regional Administration and Local Government Dodoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erastus","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalberg Advisors New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Massaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bugando Medical Centre Consultant and Teaching University Hospital Mwanza Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina","family":"Mazhiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine \u00c4ngelholm Hospital \u00c4ngelholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Meara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopal","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheri","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assist International Ripon CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meaghan","family":"Sydlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical School 641 Huntington Avenue 02115 Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Varallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jhpiego Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Maongezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly &amp; 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Shehnaz Alidina, Isabelle Citron, Erastus Maina, Gopal Menon, Cheri Reynolds, Chris Strader, John Varallo, Isabelle Citron, Adelina Mazhiqi, Meaghan Sydlowski, Taylor Wurdeman, and John G. Meara had financial support from GE Foundation for the submitted work. David Barash is employed by GE Foundation, which funded this work. John Varallo declares financial support from ELMA Philanthropies. Fabian Massaga reports receiving a Jhpiego FAA grant. John G. Meara declares support from the Kletjian Foundation and the Ronda Stryker and William Johnston Foundation. Ntuli Kapologwe and Sarah Maongezi have nothing to declare. The authors have had no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous 3 years and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from Tanzania\u2019s National Institute for Medical Research and Harvard Medical School. Verbal consent was obtained from all participants included in the study in Swahili. For patients under 18\u00a0years old, parental consent was obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics compliance"}},{"value":"All procedures performed involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of both Harvard Medical School (IRB17-1819) and Tanzania\u2019s National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR\/HQ\/R.8a\/Vol. IX\/2515) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human rights"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}