{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:56:21Z","timestamp":1765486581610,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate if the time of day a cholecystectomy was performed affects in\u2010hospital complication rates and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national quality measurement database was retrospectively studied. Study period was 2010 to 2017. The inclusion criteria were operatively treated cholecystitis or another benign disease of the gallbladder. Further, the time of day the operation was performed must have been documented. We defined nighttime as all interventions performed between 7PM until 6AM. A total of 11\u2032459 patients were included. Development of any complication during hospitalization and in\u2010hospital mortality was the main outcomes. The first part of the study was solely descriptive. In the second part, we applied a 1:1 case\u2013control\u2010matching. A matched group of 274 pairs were further investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only 8.4% of the procedures were performed during nighttime. Complications occurred in 6.7% of all patients. We found twice as many complications in the nighttime group compared to the daytime group. Mortality was 0.56% during daytime and 0.52% during nighttime. In a matched\u2010pair analysis, however, we found no significant differences in the overall mortality rate nor in the occurrence of complications when comparing day\u2010 vs. nighttime operations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found twice as many complications in the nighttime group (12%) compared to the daytime group (6.1%), mainly related to patient risk factors. In contrast to common apprehension, however, nighttime cholecystectomies were not associated with higher mortality rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06021-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T22:15:55Z","timestamp":1616105755000},"page":"2058-2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nighttime Cholecystectomies are Safe When Controlled for Individual Patient Risk Factors\u2013A Nationwide Case\u2013Control Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Kian","family":"Merati\u2010Kashani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Hospital of Maennedorf Asylstrasse 10 CH\u20108708 Maennedorf Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Canal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Traumatology University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Raemistrasse 100 CH\u20108091 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique Lisa","family":"Birrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Transplant Surgery University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Raemistrasse 100 CH\u20108091 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Alain","family":"Clavien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Transplant Surgery University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Raemistrasse 100 CH\u20108091 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma Surgery, Department of Traumatology University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Raemistrasse 100 CH\u20108091 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Turina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Transplant Surgery University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Raemistrasse 100 CH\u20108091 Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1295","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"ix","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"88","author":"Litwin DE","year":"2008","journal-title":"SurgClin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.85a.17035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Indications of cholecystectomy in gallstone disease","volume":"34","author":"Lamberts 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Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"SurgEndosc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893\u2010018\u20100445\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Timing of cholecystectomy in acute biliary pancreatitis: is it still reasonable to wait?","volume":"71","author":"Borreca D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Minerva Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Optimal Timing for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Systematic Review","volume":"107","author":"Friis C","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of surgery: SJS: official organ for the Finnish Surgical Society and the Scandinavian Surgical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"surgery Swgfqai Swiss working 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February 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study has been approved by the institutional review board\u2013no special approval was needed due to de-identified data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}