{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:24:52Z","timestamp":1777505092756,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cricothyroidotomy and surgical tracheostomy are methods to secure airway patency. In emergency surgery, these methods are nowadays mostly reserved for patients unsuited for percutaneous procedures. Detailed description of complications and functional outcomes following both procedures is underreported in current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes following cricothyroidotomy and tracheostomy in this presumed complex population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, adult emergency surgical patients treated with cricothyroidotomy and\/or surgical tracheostomy were included. Postoperative complications and functional outcomes in trauma and non\u2010trauma patients were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010one trauma patients and 11\u00a0non\u2010trauma emergency surgical patients (mainly after elective onco\u2010abdominal or vascular surgery) were included. Of 52 patients, seven underwent cricothyroidotomy pre\u2010tracheostomy. Mortality was higher in non\u2010trauma patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) following both procedures. Over half of patients (56%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200929) regained unsupported airway patency with a tendency toward increased tracheostomy removal in trauma patients. Among complications, only pneumonia occurred frequently (60%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200931), with no relation to patient type. Other complications included local infection (5.8%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) and wound dehiscence (1.9%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). Adverse functional outcomes were frequently observed and were mild and self\u2010limiting. Cervical spinal cord injury reduced overall unsupported airway patency (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01); with high cervical spinal cord injury related to adverse functional outcomes and increased home ventilation need.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No major procedure\u2010related complications or functional adverse events were encountered following cricothyroidotomy and surgical tracheostomy, even though only complex patients were included. Only mild, self\u2010limiting functional problems occurred, especially in trauma patients with cervical injury who underwent early tracheostomy by longitudinal incision. This information can aid clinicians in making tailor\u2010made decisions for individual patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06110-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T21:02:28Z","timestamp":1621717348000},"page":"2683-2693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Surgical airway procedures in emergency surgical patients: Results of what has become a back\u2010up procedure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9835-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gijs J. 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