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Accordingly, we aimed to characterise patient outcomes after emergency neurosurgery performed by a general surgeon or general surgery trainee.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched to 30\u00a0May 2021 for observational studies reporting outcomes after emergency neurosurgery performed by a general surgeon. Study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist were performed in duplicate. Data on setting, operation undertaken, mortality rates and complications were extracted. Meta\u2010analysis was planned but not possible due to heterogeneity. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021258097.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 632 records, 14 retrospective observational studies were included, covering a total sample of 1,988 operations. Four studies were from Australia, and the remaining 10 were, respectively, from 10 other countries. Most common operations performed were decompressive surgery with burr holes or craniectomy for head trauma and insertion of intracranial pressure monitors. Rural hospitals were the most common settings. Mortality rates for procedures performed by general surgeons at latest follow\u2010up were heterogenous, ranging from 5% for evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma in Kenya to 81% in head injured patients in a Hong Kong study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first systematic review that synthesises the literature to characterise patient outcomes after neurosurgical operations performed by a general surgeon. Findings from this study may benefit global surgery performed in rural, remote, military or humanitarian settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-021-06363-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T17:02:41Z","timestamp":1636650161000},"page":"347-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Emergency Neurosurgery Performed by General Surgeons: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Joseph N.","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide, Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Ovenden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Women and Childrens\u2019 Hospital Adelaide South Australia 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