{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:53:42Z","timestamp":1792799622971,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The normal healing of surgical wounds can be disrupted by infection and\/or dehiscence, leading to development of chronic, non\u2010healing wounds (NHW). Diagnosis of NHWs is via clinical acumen and analysis of microbiology wound swabs. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted generally by human subjects and specifically as products of bacterial metabolism and are detected in the wound area. This systematic review will assess the potential use of VOCs released by surgical wounds as a non\u2010invasive method for identifying bacterial species and the progression to NHW.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search of studies, via PRISMA guidelines, was conducted. Of 220 papers screened, seven studies were included. Outcome data were extracted on methods for VOC analysis and wound\/bacterial VOC profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The studies have shown that VOC profiles are identified by two methods: gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry and electronic nose. There are VOC profiles associated with causative bacterial species, with early indications that they could be anatomically specific or could monitor treatment effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VOC profiling of bacterial species within wounds is possible and could become a point of care test. More research is needed on specific VOC profiles to wound location and whether these profiles may predict progression to NHW.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T23:03:30Z","timestamp":1649545410000},"page":"1669-1677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Volatile Organic Compounds in the Early Diagnosis of Non\u2010healing Surgical Wounds: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3493-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery Department University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Medical School Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aron","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Medical School Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Maddocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Infection Research Group, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Torkington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery Department University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Sciences Division, School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics University of Washington Bothell 18115 Campus Way NE, Box 358500 98011\u20108246 Bothell WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Cornish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorectal Surgery Department University Hospital of Wales Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(18)30101\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ReevesN CuffS BoyceK HarriesR RobertsC HarrisonH TorkingtonJDiagnosis of colorectal and emergency surgical site infections in the era of enhanced recovery\u2013an all wales prospective study.Colorectal Dis(2021)10.1111\/codi.15569347475588250723","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524\u2010475X.1994.20305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2019.28.Sup3a.S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325\u2010017\u20100478\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524\u2010475x.2001.00178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"KyawB JarbrinkK MartinengoL CarJ HardingK SchmidtchenANeed for improved definition of \u201cchronic wounds\u201d in clinical Studies.Acta Derm Venereol(2017)10.2340\/00015555\u20102786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734607313984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.244\u2010269.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u2010475X.2010.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201027504\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12679"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds as diagnostic biomarkers in gastrointestinal and liver diseases","volume":"18","author":"Probert CS","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Liver Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u20100\u201012\u2010407679\u20102.00002\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082613"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HashoulD HaickHSensors for detecting pulmonary diseases from exhaled breath.Eur Respir Rev(2019)10.1183\/16000617.0011\u2010201931243097","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0011-2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Urinary metabolites for urological cancer detection: a review on the application of volatile organic compounds for cancers","volume":"7","author":"Gao Q","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Exp Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408\u2010017\u20109987\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7247802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253\u2010013\u20105224\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.12.4.521\u2010526.1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010155\u20108\u2010201110180\u201000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.10.0109.0300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071523"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Detection of wound pathogen by an intelligent electronic nose","volume":"21","author":"Tian F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens Mater"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds of malignant breast cancer wounds: identification and odors","volume":"30","author":"Thuleau A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SmithME RobinowitzN ChaulkP JohnsonKComparison of chronic wound culture techniques: swab versus curetted tissue for microbial recovery.Br J Community Nurs(2014)10.12968\/bjcn.2014.19.Sup9.S22253819244267254","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2014.19.Sup9.S22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742\u2010481X.2010.00765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2015.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2018.27.5.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.72398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00020\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752\u20107163\/abb765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2008.08748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752\u20107155\/8\/3\/034001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614554919"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T16:24:16Z","timestamp":1704644656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06548-3","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All of the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}