{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:38:11Z","timestamp":1775540291648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008373","name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004948","name":"Astellas Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005612","name":"Shionogi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006453","name":"Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002975","name":"Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013170","name":"Ono Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010793","name":"Pfizer Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004095","name":"Kyowa Hakko Kirin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002336","name":"Daiichi Sankyo Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012030","name":"Yakult Honsha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013420","name":"Tsumura and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010795","name":"Chugai Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003769","name":"Eisai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009954","name":"Taiho Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009015","name":"Abbott Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007132","name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014421","name":"EA Pharma Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008373","name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004948","name":"Astellas Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004948","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011027","name":"Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018736","name":"Kaken Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005612","name":"Shionogi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006453","name":"Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002975","name":"Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medicon Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013170","name":"Ono Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010793","name":"Pfizer Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004095","name":"Kyowa Hakko Kirin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015990","name":"Sanofi K. K.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019341","name":"Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016170","name":"Japan Blood Products Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016240","name":"Nihon Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002336","name":"Daiichi Sankyo Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"KCI Licensing Inc."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012030","name":"Yakult Honsha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013420","name":"Tsumura and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010795","name":"Chugai Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003769","name":"Eisai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009954","name":"Taiho Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009954","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Asahi Kasei Pharma Co., Ltd."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019949","name":"Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009015","name":"Abbott Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Merck Serono Co., Ltd."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007132","name":"Otsuka Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014421","name":"EA Pharma Co., Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One of the difficulties in the treatment of esophageal cancer surgery is the high rate of postoperative recurrence. After esophagectomy, distant metastatic recurrence frequently occurs in the lung. This study aimed to determine the clinical features of a recurrence pattern with lung metastasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study analyzed data from 138 patients who had postoperative recurrence of esophageal cancer after a radical esophagectomy. According to the recurrence pattern at the time of initial diagnosis, the patients were classified into two groups as follows: those with lung metastasis and those without.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three of the 138\u00a0investigated patients had a recurrence pattern with lung metastasis. Salvage surgery and postoperative pneumonia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041 and 0.030, respectively) were identified as risk factors for recurrence pattern with lung metastasis in multivariate analysis. When we compared the sites of primary esophageal tumors, we found that the frequencies of distant metastases, such as lung and liver metastases, as well as pleural\/peritoneal dissemination, were higher in the mid and distal esophageal tumors. Patients with a recurrence pattern showing lung metastasis alone had a better overall and post\u2010recurrence survival than those with other recurrence patterns (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients who had postoperative recurrence after esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer, salvage surgery, and postoperative pneumonia were significantly related to recurrence pattern with lung metastasis. Postoperative recurrence with lung metastasis alone had a better prognosis than other recurrence patterns; therefore, when pulmonary recurrence is suspected, performing intensive examinations for early diagnosis is critical.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T13:05:51Z","timestamp":1655384751000},"page":"2270-2279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical Features of Recurrence Pattern with Lung Metastasis After Radical Esophagectomy for Thoracic Esophageal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Kawakubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Irino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Keio University School of Medicine 35\u2010banchi, Shinano\u2010machi, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000644"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2021.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JTO.0000437420.38972.fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010015\u20103334\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MatsudaS KawakuboH OkamuraAet al (2020) Distribution of residual disease and recurrence patterns in pathological responders after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Ann Surg.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/sla.0000000000004436","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102168.2000.01541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.68.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.09.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010012\u20101830\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010017\u20104024\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109610(98)00140\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours","author":"Brierley J","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268\u2010013\u20102258\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010018\u20106365\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900228"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.14442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000505925"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181bdd5a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S263250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2013.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i16.4586"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i39.6037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.603953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000225269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyw141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010014\u20103677\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06\u20101437"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102303.2010.00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434\u2010014\u20104348\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02503"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T20:27:34Z","timestamp":1703708854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-022-06608-8","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Yuko Kitagawa reports grants from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Merck Serono Co., Ltd., Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory Inc., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Medicon Inc., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan Blood Products Organization, Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsumura & Co., KCI Licensing Inc., Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., and Fujifilm Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. outside the submitted work. Kazuaki Matsui, Hirofumi Kawakubo, Satoru Matsuda, Yuki Hirata, Tomoyuki Irino, Kazumasa Fukuda, and Rieko Nakamura declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in the studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}