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This review traces the history from the first anatomical depiction of the appendix to the development of open appendicectomy and the recent minimally invasive and non\u2010operative methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historical articles, monographs and books containing anatomical descriptions of the vermiform appendix and reports of appendicitis and its surgical treatment were retrieved after searching the PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases from their inception to 31\u00a0March 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first inadvertent appendicectomy was performed during an operation for a groin hernia by Cookesley in 1731, and Mestivier was the first to drain a right iliac fossa abscess, due to appendicitis, in 1757. Kr\u00f6nlein performed the first appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in 1884 but his patient died. The first successful appendicectomy for acute appendicitis leading to patient survival was by Morton in 1887. In 1976, Wirschafter and Kaufman performed an inadvertent colonoscopic appendicectomy and, in 1980, Semm carried out the first laparoscopic appendicectomy. The first appendicectomy via a natural orifice (transgastric) appendicectomy was by Rao and Reddy in 2004.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This historical review charts the development of surgical knowledge concerning the management of appendicitis, from the first anatomical drawings of the appendix and descriptions of appendicitis to the development of surgical and conservative treatments up to the present day. It also corrects some inaccuracies of attribution in previous historical reviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-022-06874-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T19:02:45Z","timestamp":1672340565000},"page":"928-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Three Centuries of Appendicectomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Philip J. J.","family":"Herrod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre NG7 2UH Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex T.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre NG7 2UH Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1187-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dileep N.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre NG7 2UH Nottingham UK"},{"name":"MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Reprint from the Medical Record, November 25, 1899","author":"Edebohls GM","year":"1899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Iliac passion: a history of appendicitis","volume":"63","author":"Kiser JC","year":"1964","journal-title":"Wis Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"Appendicitis: a historical review","volume":"24","author":"Seal A","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.1996.0127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658\u2010198305000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1676","article-title":"Experiences with early operative interference in cases of disease of the vermiform appendix","volume":"50","author":"McBurney C","year":"1889","journal-title":"N Y Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Leonardo da Vinci Anatomist","author":"Clayton M","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/346830"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Andreae Vesalii Bruxellensis, Invictissimi Caroli V. 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All sources have been attributed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Copyright statement"}},{"value":"There are no original data to share. Full texts of works cited in this review will be available for sharing upon reasonable request (Dileep.Lobo@nottingham.ac.uk).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data sharing"}},{"value":"As this was a narrative review, ethics approval was not necessary.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"Not commissioned, externally peer-reviewed.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Provenance and peer review"}},{"value":"As this was a narrative review, protocol registration was not necessary.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Protocol registration"}}]}}