{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T20:21:33Z","timestamp":1785010893832,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5035,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World j. surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract.<\/jats:title><jats:p>Usually when using imaging procedures, such as axillary mammography or ultrasonography, a cutoff level of 5\u00a0mm for lymph node size is postulated to be not only the limit of lymph node visibility but also a sign of metastatic involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this assumption, used as a basic hypothesis in many reports, is true. A series of 72 axillary specimens from 71 breast carcinoma patients operated at the university hospital of Vienna were analyzed. A comparison of histologically noninvolved axillary specimens with those showing metastatic involvement revealed that the two groups did not differ significantly according to the number or size of lymph nodes per axilla. For lymph nodes &lt;5\u00a0mm the probability of being metastatically involved was still 10%. Enlarged lymph nodes (5\u201320\u00a0mm) had a slightly higher risk of being malignant (20%). In contrast, the probability of metastatic involvement for lymph nodes &gt;20\u00a0mm was only 40%. We suggest that many reports dealing with the prediction of malignancy in axillary lymph nodes may have used misleading basic assumptions, so the results of these studies must be viewed critically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689910088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T05:57:49Z","timestamp":1030255069000},"page":"546-550","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Is Size Related to Metastatic Involvement?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Obwegeser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Special Gynecology Vienna University Hospital University of Vienna W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18\u201020, A\u20101090 Vienna Austria<!--<country1>AT<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Special Gynecology Vienna University Hospital University of Vienna W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18\u201020, A\u20101090 Vienna Austria<!--<country1>AT<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Hohlagschwandtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Special Gynecology Vienna University Hospital University of Vienna W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18\u201020, A\u20101090 Vienna Austria<!--<country1>AT<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Czerwenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Vienna University Hospital University of Vienna W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18\u201020, A\u20101090 Vienna Austria<!--<country1>AT<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics Vienna University Hospital University of Vienna W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18\u201020, A\u20101090 Vienna Austria<!--<country1>AT<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Kubista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Special Gynecology Vienna University Hospital University of Vienna W\u00e4hringerg\u00fcrtel 18\u201020, A\u20101090 Vienna Austria<!--<country1>AT<\/country1>-->"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]]},"container-title":["World Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s002689910088.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s002689910088\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1007\/s002689910088","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T19:18:18Z","timestamp":1705000698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s002689910088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1007\/s002689910088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002689910088","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0364-2313","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}}}