{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:36:29Z","timestamp":1793295389318,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02215-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T23:23:55Z","timestamp":1556666635000},"page":"1016-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Robotically Assisted Sonic Therapy (RAST) for Noninvasive Hepatic Ablation in a Porcine Model: Mitigation of Body Wall Damage with a Modified Pulse Sequence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7775-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine C.","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Knott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rao F.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Swietlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Vlaisavljevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Smolock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford S.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Fred T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Ziemlewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20034","volume":"10","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. The Barcelona approach: diagnosis, staging, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:S115\u201320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lt.20034\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"2215_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.12.006","volume":"96","author":"TJ Ziemlewicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ziemlewicz TJ, Wells SA, Lubner MG, et al. Hepatic tumor ablation. Surg Clin North Am. 2016;96:315\u201339. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suc.2015.12.006\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"2215_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.09.07","volume":"3","author":"E Lahat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lahat E, Eshkenazy R, Zendel A, et al. Complications after percutaneous ablation of liver tumors: a systematic review. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2014;3:317\u201323. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.09.07\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"key":"2215_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-011-0241-8","volume":"35","author":"T Livraghi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Livraghi T, Meloni F, Solbiati L, et al. Complications of microwave ablation for liver tumors: results of a multicenter study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012;35:868\u201374. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-011-0241-8\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2215_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152241","volume":"281","author":"E Velez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Velez E, Goldberg SN, Kumar G, et al. Hepatic thermal ablation: effect of device and heating parameters on local tissue reactions and distant tumor growth. Radiology. 2016;281:782\u201392. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2016152241\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2215_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000118565.21298.0a","volume":"239","author":"RT Poon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Poon RT, Ng KK, Lam CM, et al. Learning curve for radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors\u2014prospective analysis of initial 100 patients in a tertiary institution. Ann Surg. 2004;239:441\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.sla.0000118565.21298.0a\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2215_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2009.03.049","volume":"74","author":"TL Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall TL, Hempel CR, Wojno K, et al. Histotripsy of the prostate: dose effects in a chronic canine model. Urology. 2009;74:932\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2009.03.049\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2215_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.09.005","volume":"32","author":"JE Parsons","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parsons JE, Cain CA, Abrams GD, et al. Pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy for controlled tissue homogenization. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006;32:115\u201329. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2005.09.005\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2215_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00141-2","volume":"175","author":"WW Roberts","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roberts WW, Hall TL, Ives K, et al. Pulsed cavitational ultrasound: a noninvasive technology for controlled tissue ablation (histotripsy) in the rabbit kidney. J Urol. 2006;175:734\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)00141-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2215_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2004.1308731","volume":"51","author":"Z Xu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xu Z, Ludomirsky A, Eun LY, et al. Controlled ultrasound tissue erosion. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2004;51:726\u201336.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control"},{"key":"2215_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.05.018","volume":"42","author":"E Vlaisavljevich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vlaisavljevich E, Maxwell A, Mancia L, et al. Visualizing the histotripsy process: bubble cloud-cancer cell interactions in a tissue-mimicking environment. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016;42:2466\u201377. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.05.018\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2215_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.016","volume":"43","author":"E Vlaisavljevich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vlaisavljevich E, Owens G, Lundt J, et al. Non-invasive liver ablation using histotripsy: preclinical safety study in an in vivo porcine model. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2017;43:1237\u201351. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.016\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2215_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.02.005","volume":"39","author":"E Vlaisavljevich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vlaisavljevich E, Kim Y, Allen S, et al. Image-guided non-invasive ultrasound liver ablation using histotripsy: feasibility study in an in vivo porcine model. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2013;39:1398\u2013409. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.02.005\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2215_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018171544","author":"AR Smolock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smolock AR, Cristescu MM, Vlaisavljevich E, et al. Robotically assisted sonic therapy as a noninvasive nonthermal ablation modality: proof of concept in a porcine liver model. Radiology. 2018. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2018171544\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2215_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1086\/624298","volume":"43","author":"H Wadell","year":"1935","unstructured":"Wadell H. Volume, shape, and roundness of quartz particles. J Geol. 1935;43:250\u201380. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/624298\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Geol"},{"key":"2215_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460900800306","volume":"8","author":"JJ Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li JJ, Gu MF, Luo GY, et al. Complications of high intensity focused ultrasound for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2009;8:217\u201324. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/153303460900800306\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2215_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1053\/slas.2001.24402","volume":"8","author":"G Haar ter","year":"2001","unstructured":"ter Haar G. High intensity ultrasound. Semin Laparosc Surg. 2001;8:77\u201389. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/155335060100800109\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Semin Laparosc Surg"},{"key":"2215_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-010-9628-2","volume":"36","author":"SE Jung","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jung SE, Cho SH, Jang JH, et al. High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation in hepatic and pancreatic cancer: complications. Abdom Imaging. 2011;36:185\u201395. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-010-9628-2\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"2215_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8161","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1318355111","volume":"111","author":"TD Khokhlova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khokhlova TD, Wang YN, Simon JC, et al. Ultrasound-guided tissue fractionation by high intensity focused ultrasound in an in vivo porcine liver model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:8161\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1318355111\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2215_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/2\/253","volume":"59","author":"E Vlaisavljevich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vlaisavljevich E, Kim Y, Owens G, et al. Effects of tissue mechanical properties on susceptibility to histotripsy-induced tissue damage. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59:253\u201370. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/2\/253\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"2215_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142151","volume":"278","author":"CM Harari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harari CM, Magagna M, Bedoya M, et al. Microwave ablation: comparison of simultaneous and sequential activation of multiple antennas in liver model systems. Radiology. 2016;278:95\u2013103. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2015142151\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2215_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2008.03.023","volume":"19","author":"NC Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu NC, Raman SS, Kim YJ, et al. Microwave liver ablation: influence of hepatic vein size on heat-sink effect in a porcine model. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2008;19:1087\u201392. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2008.03.023\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2215_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2010.0123","volume":"24","author":"NR Styn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Styn NR, Wheat JC, Hall TL, et al. Histotripsy of VX-2 tumor implanted in a renal rabbit model. J Endourol. 2010;24:1145\u201350. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2010.0123\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"2215_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.01.037","volume":"72","author":"AM Lake","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lake AM, Hall TL, Kieran K, et al. Histotripsy: minimally invasive technology for prostatic tissue ablation in an in vivo canine model. Urology. 2008;72:682\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2008.01.037\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2215_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.11.044","volume":"185","author":"CR Hempel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hempel CR, Hall TL, Cain CA, et al. Histotripsy fractionation of prostate tissue: local effects and systemic response in a canine model. J Urol. 2011;185:1484\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2010.11.044\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2215_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-017-1692-3","volume":"40","author":"FH Cornelis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cornelis FH, Durack JC, Kimm SY, et al. A comparative study of ablation boundary sharpness after percutaneous radiofrequency, cryo-, microwave, and irreversible electroporation ablation in normal swine liver and kidneys. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2017;40:1600\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-017-1692-3\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2215_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-013-0620-4","volume":"37","author":"A Denys","year":"2014","unstructured":"Denys A, Lachenal Y, Duran R, et al. Use of high-frequency jet ventilation for percutaneous tumor ablation. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2014;37:140\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-013-0620-4\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2215_CR28","first-page":"21","volume":"15","author":"A Nykonenko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nykonenko A, Vavra P, Zonca P. Anatomic peculiarities of pig and human liver. Exp Clin Transplant. 2017;15:21\u20136.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transplant"}],"container-title":["CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-019-02215-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00270-019-02215-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-019-02215-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T23:36:42Z","timestamp":1588117002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00270-019-02215-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-019-02215-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-1551","1432-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-1551","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: Fred T. Lee Jr., MD\u2014Ethicon, Inc.: Consultant, HistoSonics, Inc.: Board Member, Advisor, Stockholder. Amanda Smolock MD, PhD\u2014HistoSonics, Inc.: Advisor, Stockholder. Eli Vlaisavljevich, PhD\u2014HistoSonics, Inc.: Advisor, Stockholder. Zhen Xu, PhD\u2014HistoSonics, Inc.: Founder, Advisor, Stockholder. Timothy Ziemlewicz, MD\u2014Ethicon, Inc.: Consultant, HistoSonics, Inc.: Advisor, Stockholder.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted. Approval was obtained from the Institutional animal use and care committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}