{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:34:09Z","timestamp":1780104849708,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02497-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T20:03:59Z","timestamp":1589486639000},"page":"963-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Type 2 Endoleaks: Common and Hard to Eradicate yet Benign?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1985-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang Meng","family":"Loy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine Ming Er","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze Tec","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Tar Toong","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah Gillan","family":"Irani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Damodharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sum","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivanathan","family":"Chandramohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanda","family":"Venkatanarasimha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiang Hiong","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2497_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(05)66627-5","volume":"365","author":"Collaborators","year":"2003","unstructured":"Collaborators. Endovascular aneurysm repair versus open repair in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR trial 1): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;365:2179\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(05)66627-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2497_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1426","volume":"302","author":"FAM Lederle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lederle FAM, Freischlag JAM, Kyriakides TCP, Padberg FTM, Matsumara JSM, Kohler TRM, et al. Outcomes following endovascular vs open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Am Med Assoc. 2009;302:1535\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.1426.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"2497_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042002","volume":"351","author":"M Prinssen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prinssen M, Verhoeven ELG, Buth J, Cuypers PWM, van Sambeek MRHM, Balm R, et al. A randomized trial comparing conventional and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1607\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa042002.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2497_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31135-7","volume":"388","author":"R Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel R, Sweeting MJ, Powell JT, Greenhalgh RM. Endovascular versus open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in 15-years\u2019 follow-up of the UK endovascular aneurysm repair trial 1 (EVAR trial 1): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;388:2366\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31135-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2497_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207481","volume":"367","author":"FA Lederle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lederle FA, Freischlag JA, Kyriakides TC, Matsumura JS, Padberg FT, Kohler TR, et al. Long-term comparison of endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1988\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1207481.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2497_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta22050","author":"R Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel R, Powell JT, Sweeting MJ, Epstein DM, Barrett JK, Greenhalgh RM. The UK endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) randomised controlled trials: long-term follow-up and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess (Rockv). 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta22050.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess (Rockv)"},{"key":"2497_CR7","first-page":"349","volume":"45","author":"E Choke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Choke E, Thompson M. Endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair: current concepts. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2004;45:349\u201366.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"2497_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10016-005-9382-z","volume":"20","author":"DV Gelfand","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gelfand DV, White GH, Wilson SE. Clinical significance of type II endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006;20:69\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10016-005-9382-z.","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.08.006","volume":"38","author":"HS Rayt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rayt HS, Sandford RM, Salem M, Bown MJ, London NJ, Sayers RD. Conservative management of type 2 endoleaks is not associated with increased risk of aneurysm rupture. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38:718\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.08.006.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.04.004","volume":"40","author":"K Pippin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pippin K, Hill J, He J, Johnson P. Outcomes of type II endoleaks after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair: a single-center, retrospective study. Clin Imaging. 2016;40:875\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.04.004.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2497_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.06.035","volume":"48","author":"DA Sidloff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sidloff DA, Gokani V, Stather PW, Choke E, Bown MJ, Sayers RD. Editor\u2019s choice\u2014type II endoleak: conservative management is a safe strategy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;48:391\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.06.035.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1583\/11-3762R.1","volume":"19","author":"A Karthikesalingam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karthikesalingam A, Thrumurthy SG, Jackson D, Choke E, Sayers RD, Loftus IM, et al. Current evidence is insufficient to define an optimal threshold for intervention in isolated type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair. J Endovasc Ther. 2012;19:200\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1583\/11-3762R.1.","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"key":"2497_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.02.073","volume":"46","author":"JE Jones","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jones JE, Atkins MD, Brewster DC, Chung TK, Kwolek CJ, LaMuraglia GM, et al. Persistent type 2 endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm is associated with adverse late outcomes. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.02.073.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.02.037","volume":"53","author":"TR Wyss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wyss TR, Brown LC, Powell JT. Rate and predictability of graft rupture after endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: data from the EVAR trials. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53:1158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.02.037.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.09.011","author":"FL Moll","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moll FL, Powell JT, Fraedrich G, Verzini F, Haulon S, Waltham M, et al. Management of abdominal aortic aneurysms clinical practice guidelines of the European society for vascular surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.09.011.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.07.001","volume":"50","author":"EL Chaikof","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaikof EL, Brewster DC, Dalman RL, Makaroun MS, Illig KA, Sicard GA, et al. SVS practice guidelines for the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm: executive summary. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50:880\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.07.001.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.06.009","volume":"56","author":"KHJ Ultee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ultee KHJ, B\u00fcttner S, Huurman R, Bastos Gon\u00e7alves F, Hoeks SE, Bramer WM, et al. Editor\u2019s choice\u2014systematic review and meta-analysis of the outcome of treatment for type II endoleak following endovascular aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2018;56:794\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.06.009.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.09.023","volume":"29","author":"TB Le","year":"2018","unstructured":"Le TB, Park KM, Jeon YS, Hong KC, Cho SG. Evaluation of delayed endoleak compared with early endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2018;29:203\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.09.023.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2497_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.04.058","volume":"44","author":"D Silverberg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silverberg D, Baril DT, Ellozy SH, Carroccio A, Greyrose SE, Lookstein RA, et al. An 8-year experience with type II endoleaks: natural history suggests selective intervention is a safe approach. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:453\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.04.058.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21767\/2573-4482.100067","volume":"02","author":"M Ajalata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ajalata M, Williamsa R, Wilsona SE. The natural history of type 2 endoleaks after EVAR justifies conservative management. J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2017;02:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21767\/2573-4482.100067.","journal-title":"J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9181","volume":"100","author":"DA Sidloff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sidloff DA, Stather PW, Choke E, Bown MJ, Sayers RD. Type II endoleak after endovascular aneurysm repair. Br J Surg. 2013;100:1262\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.9181.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2014.14308","volume":"21","author":"M Nakai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakai M, Ikoma A, Sato H, Sato M, Nishimura Y, Okamura Y. Risk factors associated with late aneurysmal sac expansion after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2015;21:195\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/dir.2014.14308.","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2497_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.07.092","volume":"55","author":"TP Sarac","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sarac TP, Gibbons C, Vargas L, Liu J, Srivastava S, Bena J, et al. Long-term follow-up of type II endoleak embolization reveals the need for close surveillance. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55:33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.07.092.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"19","key":"2497_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1583\/1545-1550-19.3.A6","volume":"2012","author":"KMA Gallagher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gallagher KMA. Midterm outcomes after treatment of type II endoleaks associated with aneurysm sac expansion. J Endovasc Ther. 2012;2012(19):182\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1583\/1545-1550-19.3.A6.","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"key":"2497_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.121068","volume":"35","author":"RA Baum","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baum RA, Carpenter JP, Golden MA, Velazquez OC, Clark TWI, Stavropoulous SW, et al. Treatment of type 2 endoleaks after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of transarterial and translumbar techniques. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:23\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mva.2002.121068.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.126542","volume":"36","author":"MM Solis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Solis MM, Ayerdi J, Babcock GA, Parra JR, McLafferty RB, Gruneiro LA, et al. Mechanism of failure in the treatment of type II endoleak with percutaneous coil embolization. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:485\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mva.2002.126542.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(02)75467-0","volume":"38","author":"K Kasirajan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kasirajan K, Matteson B, Marek JM, Langsfeld M. Technique and results of transfemoral superselective coil embolization of type II lumbar endoleak. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:61\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0741-5214(02)75467-0.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2497_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2003.10.016","volume":"27","author":"CJ van Marrewijk","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Marrewijk CJ, Fransen G, Laheij RJF, Harris PL, Buth J. Is a type II endoleak after EVAR a Harbinger of risk? Causes and outcome of open conversion and aneurysm rupture during follow-up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;27:128\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2003.10.016.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-020-02497-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00270-020-02497-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-020-02497-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T23:22:24Z","timestamp":1620948144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00270-020-02497-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-020-02497-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-1551","1432-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-1551","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required. This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of our hospital.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, informed consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"For this type of study, consent for publication is not required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}