{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:27:41Z","timestamp":1781764061937,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate and compare the physical properties of the new generation Gore VIATORR-Controlled Expansion Endoprosthesis (VCX) to those of the predecessor VIATORR stent in an in vitro experimental setup.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 12 stents (8 VCX; 4 VIATORR; GORE, USA) were examined. Radial resistive force (RRF) and chronic outward force (COF) were assessed using a radial force testing machine (RX-650, Machine Solutions Inc., USA). To assess the radial forces of the VCX above 8\u00a0mm, balloon expansion was performed between cycles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All VCX stents show an abrupt decrease in COF at an external diameter of 8.3\u00a0mm; RRF decreases likewise at an external diameter of 8.5\u00a0mm. The predecessor VIATORR stent without the \u201ccontrolled expansion\u201d feature shows linear radial force reduction until full expansion at a diameter of 10\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The physical properties of the VCX can be altered by balloon modulation. Point of COF (RRF) reduction shifts to 8.5\u00a0mm (8.6\u00a0mm), 8.6\u00a0mm (8.8\u00a0mm) and 9.3\u00a0mm (9.6\u00a0mm) following modulation with a 8\u00a0mm, 9\u00a0mm and 10\u00a0mm balloon.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The VCX shows an abrupt and disproportionate decrease in COF and RRF at an external diameter of 8.3\u00a0mm, thus passive expansion to its nominal diameter of 10\u00a0mm is not to be expected. By means of balloon dilatation the physical properties of the stent can be altered, enabling customized TIPS creation. The previous VIATORR stent shows continuous COF and RRF until total expansion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-023-03383-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T16:02:56Z","timestamp":1677254576000},"page":"658-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["How Controlled is the Expansion of VIATORR CX?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2835-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Dell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Menne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Wagenpfeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Praktiknjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Isaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narine","family":"Mesropyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Steinseifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Attenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Luetkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kuetting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3383_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.024","volume":"69","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver. European association for the study of the liver EASL. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018;69(2):406\u201360.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3383_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2014.10.021","volume":"26","author":"CC Pieper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pieper CC, Sprinkart AM, Nadal J, et al. Postinterventional passive expansion of partially dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stents. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2015;26(3):388\u201394.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3383_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.06.023","volume":"28","author":"CC Pieper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pieper CC, Jansen C, Meyer C, et al. Prospective evaluation of passive expansion of partially dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent grafts\u2014a three-dimensional sonography study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(1):117\u201325.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3383_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-018-2040-y","volume":"42","author":"R Miraglia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miraglia R, Maruzzelli L, Di Piazza A, Mamone G, Caruso S, Gentile G, Tuzzolino F, Floridia G, Petridis I, Volpes R, Luca A. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt using the new gore viatorr controlled expansion endoprosthesis: prospective, single-center. Prelim Exp Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2019;42(1):78\u201386.","journal-title":"Prelim Exp Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3383_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-018-1916-1","volume":"41","author":"D Dabir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dabir D, Feisst A, Thomas D, Luetkens JA, Meyer C, Kardulovic A, Menne M, Steinseifer U, Schild HH, Kuetting DLR. Physical properties of venous stents: an experimental comparison. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2018;41(6):942\u201350.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"3383_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.079","volume":"68","author":"S Egron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Egron S, Gull\u00f3n L, B\u00f6rgermann J, Gummert J, Steinseifer U, Ensminger S. TCT-666 Characterization of radial force profiles of commonly used balloon-expandable and self-expanding transcatheter heart valves. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:269\u201370.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"3383_CR7","first-page":"569","volume":"50","author":"TW Duerig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Duerig TW, Pelton AR, Stoeckel D. The use of superelasticity in medicine. Metall. 1996;50:569\u201374.","journal-title":"Metall"},{"issue":"4","key":"3383_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12001","volume":"37","author":"DB Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim DB, Choi H, Joo SM, et al. A comparative reliability and performance study of different stent designs in terms of mechanical properties: foreshortening, recoil, radial force, and flexibility. Artif Organs. 2013;37(4):368\u201379.","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"issue":"5","key":"3383_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.06.014","volume":"59","author":"M R\u00f6ssle","year":"2013","unstructured":"R\u00f6ssle M. TIPS: 25 years later. J Hepatol. 2013;59(5):1081\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.06.014.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3383_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.193227","volume":"59","author":"M R\u00f6ssle","year":"2010","unstructured":"R\u00f6ssle M, Gerbes AL. TIPS for the treatment of refractory ascites, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic hydrothorax: a critical update. Gut. 2010;59:988\u20131000.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"3383_CR11","first-page":"233","volume":"60","author":"V Siegerstetter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Siegerstetter V, R\u00f6ssle M. The role of TIPS for the treatment of portal hypertension: effects and efficacy. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 1997;60(3):233\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg."},{"issue":"5","key":"3383_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02162-4","volume":"42","author":"X Luo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Xi X, Zhao Y, Yang J, Li X, Yang L. Clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt created with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent-grafts: 8-mm versus 10-mm. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2019;42(5):737\u201343.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3383_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.033","volume":"53","author":"O Riggio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Riggio O, Ridola L, Angeloni S, Cerini F, Pasquale C, Attili AF, Fanelli F, Merli M, Salvatori FM. Clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt created with covered stents with different diameters: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol. 2010;53(2):267\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.033.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3383_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.03.042","volume":"17","author":"J Trebicka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trebicka J, Bastgen D, Byrtus J, Praktiknjo M, Terstiegen S, Meyer C, Thomas D, Fimmers R, Treitl M, Euringer W, Sauerbruch T, R\u00f6ssle M. Smaller-diameter covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stents are associated with increased survival. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(13):2793\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3383_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2016.06.008","volume":"97","author":"S Borghol","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borghol S, Perarnau JM, Pucheux J, et al. Short- and long-term evolution of the endoluminal diameter of underdilated stents in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2016;97(11):1103\u20137.","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"3383_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2017.01.032","volume":"89","author":"A Mollaiyan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mollaiyan A, Bettinger D, Ro ssle M. The underdilation of nitinol stents at TIPS implantation: solution or illusion? Eur J Radiol. 2017;89:123\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"3383_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9149065","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9149065","volume":"2020","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Wehrenberg-Klee EP, Bethea ED, Uppot RN, Yamada K, Ganguli S. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement for portal hypertension: meta-analysis of safety and efficacy of 8 mm vs. 10 mm stents. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2020;2020:9149065.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"3383_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-021-03040-8","volume":"45","author":"M Schultheiss","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schultheiss M, Bettinger D, Sturm L, Schmidt A, Backhus J, Waidmann O, Radecke K, Grandt D, Thimme R, R\u00f6ssle M. Comparison of the covered self-expandable viatorr CX stent with the covered balloon-expandable begraft peripheral stent for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation: a single-centre retrospective study in patients with variceal bleeding. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2022;45(5):542\u20139.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"1083","key":"3383_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170409","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170409","volume":"91","author":"R Rabei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rabei R, Mathevosian S, Tasse J, Madassery S, Arslan B, Turba U, Ahmed O. Primary constrained TIPS for treating refractory ascites or variceal bleeding secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. Br J Radiol. 2018;91(1083):20170409.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"}],"container-title":["CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-023-03383-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00270-023-03383-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-023-03383-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T03:38:13Z","timestamp":1728963493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00270-023-03383-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3383"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-023-03383-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-1551","1432-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-1551","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study informed consent is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"For this type of study consent for publication is not required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}