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Drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are designed to decrease neointimal hyperplasia, however rarely used in the neurovascular setting. This study retrospectively analyzes mid-term results of DCB-treated in-stent restenosis (ISR) of the ICA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The medical history, comorbidities, and periprocedural data of patients receiving DCB treatment for &gt;\u200950% ISR of the ICA after carotid artery stenting were analyzed. Follow-up after DCB treatment was performed with Doppler ultrasound. Suspicious cases were checked with CT- or MR-angiography and\u2014if there was agreement between the modalities\u2014validated with digital subtraction angiography. Potential risk factors for restenosis and differences in outcomes after PTA with three types of DCB balloons were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DCB treatment was performed in 109 cases, 0.9% of which involved in-hospital major stroke; no minor strokes occurred. A total of 17 patients (15.6%) had recurrent ISR after DCB treatment, after a mean time of 30.2\u00a0months (7\u201385\u00a0months). Tobacco use was significantly associated with a higher incidence of recurrent ISR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DCB angioplasty for ISR is an effective treatment that may delay and decrease restenosis. Treating comorbidities and adopting lifestyle changes may additionally help prevent ISR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-024-03663-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T18:02:27Z","timestamp":1707328947000},"page":"291-298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Drug-Coated Balloons for Treatment of Internal Carotid Artery Restenosis After Stenting: A Single-Center Mid-Term Outcome Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kamran","family":"Hajiyev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Henkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Khanafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"B\u00fccke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Hennersdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansj\u00f6rg","family":"B\u00e4zner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4520-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"von Gottberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30028-6","volume":"18","author":"TG Brott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brott TG, Calvet D, Howard G, et al. 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Henkes: Consulting and proctoring for phenox GmbH, co-owner of CONTARA GmbH. The other authors declare that they have no further potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This work complies with all instructions to authors. Authorship requirements have been met and the final manuscript was approved by all authors. The manuscript was writing according to the STROBE checklist for cohort studies. This manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal. Data and results described in this manuscript have not been presented elsewhere.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"This single-center retrospective analysis was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"All patients were informed in detail about the specific use and off-label indications for DCBs in ISR, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients before the procedure.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}