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Anstalt \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of genicular artery embolization for knee osteoarthritis (OA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 43 patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee (Kellgren and Lawrence grades 2\u20134) were included in this prospective study. Peri-interventional data including vascular access, embolized target vessels, fluoroscopy time and radiation dose were collected. After 2-, 3- and 12-month pain scores, functional outcomes and adverse events were assessed through a standardized questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All embolizations were performed via a coaxial system consisting of a 4F Cobra catheter and a Microcatheter without the use of an introducer sheath. A mixture of contrast agent (Accupaque, GE, USA) and microspheres (Embosphere, Merit Medical, USA) was injected. At least three genicular branches were embolized per patient with following incidence: inferior lateral genicular artery (77%), superior lateral genicular artery (74%) and descending genicular artery (74%). The mean total volume of permanent embolic agent used was 3.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u00a0ml. The average fluoroscopy time was 29\u2009\u00b1\u200911\u00a0min, and radiation dose was 40.84\u2009\u00b1\u200926.21\u00a0Gy\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      . During the 1-year follow-up, patients pain while walking showed an average reduction of 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 points on the numeric rating scale (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), without any significant difference between different grades of osteoarthritis. Besides mild transient skin discolorations in four patients, no complications were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Embolization of multiple genicular artery branches in a single session using microspheres in averaged doses higher than 2\u00a0ml total is safe and effective in reducing pain and improving functionality in patients with symptomatic OA, regardless of severity grade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-025-03983-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T18:24:31Z","timestamp":1739989471000},"page":"340-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Genicular Artery Embolization in Moderate to Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: Technique, Safety and Clinical Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Taheri Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Frommhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Huebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Boschheidgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Frenken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Jannusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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