{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:15:35Z","timestamp":1791249335189,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018020466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018020466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is the standard method for subtype diagnosis in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), the methods\u00a0used to sample the adrenal vein are not standardized. The aim of this study was to establish the optimal method for sampling the adrenal vein based on the pathological findings after surgery for PA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We enrolled 168 consecutive patients who were diagnosed to have PA and underwent AVS at our institution between 2019 and 2023. The impact of sampling by gentle negative pressure (GNP) on the accuracy of diagnosis of the PA subtype was compared with that of sampling by gravity, whereby blood flows out naturally.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>AVS was performed successfully on both sides in 139 patients using the two sampling methods. Subtype diagnosis using the two sampling methods was concordant in 128 (92.1%) of the 139 patients and discordant in 11 (7.9%). Among the 11 patients with a discordant subtype diagnosis, unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in three with the right unilateral subtype by gravity and the bilateral subtype by GNP, one with the bilateral subtype by gravity and the right unilateral subtype by GNP, and one with the left unilateral subtype by gravity and the bilateral subtype by GNP. The pathological findings after surgery showed that the false-negative rate was 20% (1\/5) with data obtained by the gravity method and 80% (4\/5) with data obtained by the GNP method. Bilateral AVS took significantly longer when sampling was performed by the gravity method than when it was performed by GNP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The gravity method may be preferable to GNP for AVS in patients with PA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-025-04005-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T09:43:09Z","timestamp":1743759789000},"page":"984-989","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Adrenal Vein Sampling Methods for Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism: A Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Minfu","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.25si055514","volume":"25","author":"N Daunt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Daunt N. Adrenal vein sampling: how to make it quick, easy, and successful. Radiographics. 2005;25:S143\u201358.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"4005_CR2","first-page":"1066","volume":"86","author":"SB Magill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Magill SB, Raff H, Shaker JL, et al. Comparison of adrenal vein sampling and computed tomography in the differentiation of primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:1066.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"4005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282f4b3e6","volume":"26","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rossi GP, Pessina AC, Heagerty AM. Primary aldosteronism: an update on screening, diagnosis and treatment. J Hypertens. 2008;26:613\u201321.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"4005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282f9e66a","volume":"26","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rossi GP, Pitter G, Bernante P, et al. Adrenal vein sampling for primary aldosteronism: the assessment of selectivity and lateralization of aldosterone excess baseline and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation. J Hypertens. 2008;26:989\u201397.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"4005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","volume":"101","author":"JW Funder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, et al. The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and treatment: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:1889\u2013916.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"4005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70069-5","volume":"3","author":"S Monticone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monticone S, Viola A, Rossato D, et al. Adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism: towards a standardised protocol. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;3(4):296\u2013303.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0217","volume":"162","author":"J Ceral","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ceral J, Solar M, Krajina A, et al. Adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism: a low dilution of adrenal venous blood is crucial for a correct interpretation of the results. EUR J Endocrinol. 2009;162(1):101\u20137.","journal-title":"EUR J Endocrinol"},{"key":"4005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134759","volume":"54","author":"M Diego","year":"2009","unstructured":"Diego M, De Renzo T, Gisella P. Impact of accessory hepatic veins on adrenal vein sampling for identification of surgically curable primary aldosteronism. Hypertension. 2009;54:885\u20139.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"4005_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03450.x","volume":"70","author":"FY William","year":"2009","unstructured":"William FY, Anthony WS. What are the keys to successful adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in patients with primary aldosteronism? Clin Endocrinol. 2009;70:14\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"4005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12847","volume":"83","author":"U Hironobu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hironobu U, Norio W, Takamasa I, et al. Optimum position of left adrenal vein sampling for subtype diagnosis in primary aldosteronism. Clin Endocrinol. 2015;83:768\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04005-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04005-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04005-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T08:59:31Z","timestamp":1757149171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04005-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04005-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this type of study, formal consent is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, consent for publication is not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"For this type of study, informed consent is not required.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}