{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:37:26Z","timestamp":1772725046147,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the safety and efficacy of performing degradable starch microspheres transarterial chemoembolization (DSM-TACE) in metastatic melanoma (MM) patients with progressive liver metastases following immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series evaluates 10 adult patients with MM who exhibited hepatic progression after an initial response to ICI therapy and underwent DSM-TACE without discontinuation of systemic checkpoint inhibitor therapy from January 2023 to September 2024. Tumor response was assessed using RECIST 1.1 criteria. The primary outcome measure of the study was the best overall response rate. Secondary outcome measures included local tumor control, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Adverse events were monitored and recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten melanoma patients (median age: 69.5\u00a0years; six females) who underwent DSM-TACE due to hepatic progression following an initial response to ICI therapy were included for safety analysis. Imaging data were unavailable for two patients, who were therefore excluded from further analyses. Best overall response rate was 87.5% (CR in two patients, PR in five patients, and SD in one patient). All treated lesions displayed sustained local tumor control throughout the follow-up. Six patients (75%) experienced the occurrence of new intra- or extrahepatic metastases. The median PFS was 8.5\u00a0months. Median OS was 12\u00a0months. Severe or life-threatening (grade 3\u20134) AEs associated with the combined treatment were reported in 40% (4\/10\u2014pseudoaneurysm at the puncture side, immune-related pancreatitis, anthracnosis, and colitis).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Cocnclusion.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Incorporating locoregional therapies, such as DSM-TACE, in patients with liver metastases from cutaneous melanoma undergoing ICI treatment is feasible, safe, and effective in achieving local disease control, potentially extending PFS and OS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-025-04218-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:03:19Z","timestamp":1761598999000},"page":"508-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Initial Experience with Transarterial Chemoembolization in Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma Patients with Hepatic Progression on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Timo Alexander","family":"Auer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Schlaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Dobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn Jeanette","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian Nima","family":"Fleckenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eigentler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5378-461X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Collettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4218_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.546604","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, et al. The impact of liver metastasis on anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody monotherapy in advanced melanoma: analysis of five clinical studies. Front Oncol. 2020;10:546604.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4218_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1131-x","volume":"27","author":"J Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu J, et al. Liver metastasis restrains immunotherapy efficacy via macrophage-mediated T cell elimination. Nat Med. 2021;27(1):152\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4218_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aba0759","author":"JC Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee JC, et al. Regulatory t cell control of systemic immunity and immunotherapy response in liver metastasis. Sci Immunol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.aba0759.","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4218_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-025-03281-2","volume":"44","author":"Z Rafiq","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rafiq Z, et al. Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2025;44(1):31.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"4218_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.09.025","volume":"72","author":"AL Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng AL, et al. Challenges of combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2020;72(2):307\u201319.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"4218_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11272-8","author":"F Collettini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collettini F, et al. Degradable starch microspheres transarterial chemoembolization (DSM-TACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: results from the prospective multicenter observational HepaStar trial. Eur Radiol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-024-11272-8.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4218_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.09.010","volume":"24","author":"H Nishiofuku","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nishiofuku H, et al. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization using cisplatin powder mixed with degradable starch microspheres for colorectal liver metastases after FOLFOX failure: results of a phase I\/II study. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24(1):56\u201365.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4218_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","volume":"45","author":"EA Eisenhauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhauer EA, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228\u201347.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"4218_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.11.022","volume":"162","author":"SM Goldinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goldinger SM, et al. Chemotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor failure in metastatic melanoma: a retrospective multicentre analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2022;162:22\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"4218_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003311","author":"DJ Pinato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinato DJ, et al. Trans-arterial chemoembolization as a loco-regional inducer of immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2021-003311.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"4218_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004205","author":"B Marinelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marinelli B, et al. Integrated use of PD-1 inhibition and transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of safety and efficacy in a retrospective, propensity score-matched study. J Immunother Cancer. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2021-004205.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"4218_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2675","volume":"190","author":"KV Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma KV, et al. Hepatic arterial chemoembolization for management of metastatic melanoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;190(1):99\u2013104.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4218_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04601.x","volume":"27","author":"S Devaux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Devaux S, et al. Hepatic transarterial chemoembolization (HACE) with cisplatin in liver metastases from cutaneous melanoma: a prospective study of three patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(2):e261\u20132.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"10474","key":"4218_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02551-0","volume":"405","author":"B Sangro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sangro B, et al. Durvalumab with or without bevacizumab with transarterial chemoembolisation in hepatocellular carcinoma (EMERALD-1): a multiregional, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2025;405(10474):216\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04218-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04218-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04218-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:38:53Z","timestamp":1772721533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04218-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04218-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no conflicts of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}