{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:36:42Z","timestamp":1790656602687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of transarterial embolization (TAE) using temporary embolic agents in patients with symptomatic hip osteoarthritis (OA) refractory to conservative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single-centre retrospective analysis included patients undergoing TAE between January 2023 and April 2025. Eligibility required\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0months of clinically and radiographically confirmed hip OA unresponsive to conservative therapy. Embolization was performed using rapidly resorbable gelatin microspheres or imipenem\/cilastatin. Outcomes included technical success, adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes (numeric rating scale [NRS] pain; Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [HOOS]) assessed at baseline and up to 12\u00a0months. Clinically meaningful improvement was defined using minimum clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds (\u2265\u20092 points for NRS;\u2009\u2265\u200910 points for HOOS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-one patients (median age 65\u00a0years) underwent TAE with a technical success rate of 97.5% (40\/41). The lateral circumflex femoral artery was embolized in all cases, with additional internal iliac branches treated in 27.5% (11\/40). No major or moderate adverse events occurred; minor transient skin discoloration was observed in 7.3% (all after imipenem\/cilastatin). Median NRS decreased from 7 to 4 at 12\u00a0months (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), with significant improvement across all HOOS domains. MCID was achieved in 64.3% for NRS and 85\u201392% for HOOS. Two patients (4.9%) underwent total hip replacement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TAE using temporary embolic agents was associated with sustained pain reduction and functional improvement at 12\u00a0months with a favourable safety profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-026-04448-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T20:14:35Z","timestamp":1776975275000},"page":"1352-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transarterial Embolization for the Treatment of Symptomatic Hip Osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1088-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian Nima","family":"Fleckenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tazio","family":"Maleitzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Oehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Donner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo Alexander","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hildebrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Perka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Vogel-Claussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Gebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Collettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"4448_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.08.005","volume":"18","author":"LB Murphy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murphy LB, Helmick CG, Schwartz TA, et al. One in four people may develop symptomatic hip osteoarthritis in his or her lifetime. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18(11):1372\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2010.08.005.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"11","key":"4448_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.004","volume":"27","author":"E Burn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burn E, Murray DW, Hawker GA, Pinedo-Villanueva R, Prieto-Alhambra D. Lifetime risk of knee and hip replacement following a GP diagnosis of osteoarthritis: a real-world cohort study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(11):1627\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.004.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"7","key":"4448_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.01.020","volume":"15","author":"DA Walsh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walsh DA, Bonnet CS, Turner EL, Wilson D, Situ M, McWilliams DF. Angiogenesis in the synovium and at the osteochondral junction in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(7):743\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joca.2007.01.020.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"10","key":"4448_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq188","volume":"49","author":"DA Walsh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walsh DA, McWilliams DF, Turley MJ, et al. Angiogenesis and nerve growth factor at the osteochondral junction in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49(10):1852\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq188.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4448_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09006-9","volume":"33","author":"DH Ro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ro DH, Jang MJ, Koh J, et al. Mechanism of action of genicular artery embolization in a rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis. Eur Radiol. 2023;33(1):125\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-022-09006-9.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4448_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-025-04045-3","volume":"48","author":"DD Chlorogiannis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chlorogiannis DD, Taslakian B, Ahmed O, et al. Key osteoarthritis biomarkers: what interventional radiologists performing genicular artery embolization need to know. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2025;48(6):729\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04045-3.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4448_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2023.08.029","volume":"34","author":"B Taslakian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taslakian B, Swilling D, Attur M, et al. Genicular artery embolization for treatment of knee osteoarthritis: interim analysis of a prospective pilot trial including effect on serum osteoarthritis-associated biomarkers. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2023;34(12):2180-2189 e2183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2023.08.029.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4448_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.243648","volume":"316","author":"FN Fleckenstein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fleckenstein FN, Maleitzke T, Auer TA, et al. Genicular artery embolization for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Radiology. 2025;316(1):e243648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.243648.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4448_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42155-020-00126-1","volume":"3","author":"MP Correa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Correa MP, Puton RC, Saleh JN, et al. Short-term follow-up of embolization of hip synovitis. CVIR Endovasc. 2020;3(1):35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42155-020-00126-1.","journal-title":"CVIR Endovasc"},{"issue":"11","key":"4448_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-022-03253-5","volume":"45","author":"MP Correa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Correa MP, Motta-Leal-Filho JM, Junior EB, et al. 6-Month follow-up of lateral femoral circumflex artery embolization to control pain related to hip osteoarthritis and greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2022;45(11):1710\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-022-03253-5.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4448_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-025-03982-3","volume":"48","author":"CB Giordani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giordani CB, Motta-Leal-Filho JM, Jatczak L, et al. Arterial embolization of joint synovitis: the Latino registry. Midterm follow-up of the Latino-Hip cohort for greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2025;48(4):538\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-025-03982-3.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4448_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.96060","volume":"17","author":"AM Feier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feier AM, Bloj FA, Russu OM, Bloj A, Zuh SG, Pop TS. Transcatheter periarticular embolization via brachial artery access in elderly patients with primary hip osteoarthritis: a pilot prospective analysis. Cureus. 2025;17(11):e96060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.96060.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4448_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-026-04403-9","author":"F Cavalheiro","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cavalheiro F, Marinho Lopes P, Sousa F, Sousa P, Linhares D, Neves N. HipE study-hip embolization for pain control in hip osteoarthritis and greater trochanteric pain syndrome: 12 months follow-up. Cardiovasc Intervent RadiolDoi. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-026-04403-9.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent RadiolDoi"},{"key":"4448_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-4-10","volume":"4","author":"AK Nilsdotter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nilsdotter AK, Lohmander LS, Klassbo M, Roos EM. Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)--validity and responsiveness in total hip replacement. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2003;4:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-4-10.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4448_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-024-03752-7","author":"MW Little","year":"2024","unstructured":"Little MW, O\u2019Grady A, Briggs J, et al. Genicular artery embolisation in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (GENESIS) using permanent microspheres: long-term results. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-024-03752-7.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4448_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-023-04915-w","volume":"143","author":"P Larsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Larsen P, Rathleff MS, Roos EM, Elsoe R. National population-based reference data for the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS). Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023;143(11):6865\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-023-04915-w.","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"4448_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-025-04200-w","author":"D Filippiadis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Filippiadis D, Pereira PL, Hausegger KA, Ryan AG, Binkert CA. CIRSE Standards of Practice for the classification of complications: the Modified CIRSE Classification System. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04200-w.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4448_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.43.BJO-2022-0161.R2","volume":"4","author":"S Landers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Landers S, Hely R, Hely A, et al. Genicular artery embolization for early-stage knee osteoarthritis: results from a triple-blind single-centre randomized controlled trial. Bone J Open. 2023;4(3):158\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2633-1462.43.BJO-2022-0161.R2.","journal-title":"Bone J Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"4448_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2025.02.031","volume":"36","author":"TA van Zadelhoff","year":"2025","unstructured":"van Zadelhoff TA, Kubo T, Shibuya M, et al. Comparative safety of 3 temporary embolic agents in transcatheter arterial embolization for degenerative, inflammatory, and overuse joint disorders. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2025;36(6):979-987 e971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2025.02.031.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4448_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.02.006","volume":"32","author":"K Yamada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamada K, Jahangiri Y, Li J, et al. Embolic characteristics of Imipenem-Cilastatin particles in vitro and in vivo: implications for transarterial embolization in joint arthropathies. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2021;32(7):1031-1039 e1032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.02.006.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4448_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.82b5.10426","volume":"82","author":"E Gautier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gautier E, Ganz K, Krugel N, Gill T, Ganz R. Anatomy of the medial femoral circumflex artery and its surgical implications. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(5):679\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.82b5.10426.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"7","key":"4448_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.02.033","volume":"28","author":"Y Okuno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okuno Y, Korchi AM, Shinjo T, Kato S, Kaneko T. Midterm clinical outcomes and MR imaging changes after transcatheter arterial embolization as a treatment for mild to moderate radiographic knee osteoarthritis resistant to conservative treatment. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28(7):995\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.02.033.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4448_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100342","volume":"5","author":"B Taslakian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taslakian B, Miller LE, Mabud TS, et al. Genicular artery embolization for treatment of knee osteoarthritis pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage Open. 2023;5(2):100342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocarto.2023.100342.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"4448_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-025-04227-z","volume":"48","author":"H Albrecht","year":"2025","unstructured":"Albrecht H, Cusumano LR, Little M, et al. Safety of knee arthroplasty following genicular artery embolization for knee osteoarthritis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2025;48(12):1795\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-025-04227-z.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"}],"container-title":["CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-026-04448-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00270-026-04448-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00270-026-04448-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T20:52:53Z","timestamp":1783371173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00270-026-04448-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-026-04448-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the institutional ethics board (EA2\/088\/24), and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"For this type of study, consent for publication is not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}