{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T01:02:02Z","timestamp":1793581322592,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05591te55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate clinical outcome and safety of procedural conscious sedation and analgesia (PCSA) performed by interventional radiologists (IRs) for patients undergoing percutaneous high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) of the liver.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This large-scale, monocentric, retrospective study analyzed the safety-profile of PCSA using fentanyl and midazolam in patients undergoing HDR-BT for liver tumors. Medication was administered by trained IRs exclusively responsible for drug administration and cardiorespiratory monitoring. American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status was recorded for all patients. Peri- and post-interventional complications directly or presumably related to PCSA, were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 08\/2017 and 12\/2023, 1062 minimally invasive tumor ablations were performed in 686 patients with: 29.4% hepatocellular carcinoma, 28.7% metastasized colorectal cancer, 6.4% cholangiocarcinoma, metastases from lung cancer (6.1%), pancreatic cancer (4.1%), neuroendocrine tumors (5.1%) and 15.8% other metastases. PCSA-related complications were low (14\/1062 procedures, 1.3%). Peri-interventional arrhythmias occurred during 4 procedures (0.4%). One patient (0.09%) experienced severe hypoxemia requiring brief cardiopulmonary resuscitation with return of spontaneous circulation, intubation and\u00a0ICU-admission. Multivariable regression showed no significant correlations of PCSA-related complications with age, sex, BMI, ASA, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver cirrhosis or medication doses but a significant correlation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). No peri- or post-procedural deaths occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCSA can safely be performed by adequately trained IRs with standardised protocols and support from anesthesiologists for emergencies or high-risk-patients. Careful patient selection, hemodynamic monitoring, structured PCSA documentation and immediate availability of anesthesiological support for severe AEs are essential to minimize risks. PCSA in OSAS should be managed by anesthesiologists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-026-04557-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:13:06Z","timestamp":1785697986000},"page":"1801-1810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Outcome and Safety of Procedural Sedation and Analgesia Performed by Interventional Radiologists in Patients Undergoing Local Tumor Ablation of the Liver"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3669-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Puhr-Westerheide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Hannak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias P.","family":"Fabritius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"\u00d6cal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Stechele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabeel","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Franziska","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Rogowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffanie","family":"Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Wildgruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Ricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Seidensticker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232044","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232044","volume":"310","author":"TA Auer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Auer TA, M\u00fcller L, Schulze D, Anhamm M, Bettinger D, Steinle V, et al. 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