{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T05:07:20Z","timestamp":1768453640192,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Radiol Anat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The main objective of this study was to define and verify anatomo-sonographic landmarks for ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin into the longissimus capitis (LC) and splenius cervicis (SC) muscles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After a preliminary work of anatomical description of the LC and SC muscles, we identified these muscles on two cadavers and then on a healthy volunteer using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to establish a radio-anatomical correlation. We defined an anatomo-sonographic landmark for the injection of each of these muscles. The correct positioning of vascular glue into the LC muscle and a metal clip into the SC muscle of a fresh cadaver as verified by dissection confirmed the utility of the selected landmarks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For the LC muscle, the intramuscular tendon of the cranial part of the muscle appears to be a reliable anatomical landmark.\u00a0The\u00a0ultrasound-guided injection can be performed within the\u00a0cranial portion of the muscle, between the intra-muscular tendon and insertion into the mastoid process at\u00a0dens of\u00a0the axis level. For the SC muscle, the surface topographic landmarks of the spinous processes of the C4\u2013C5 vertebrae and the muscle body of the levator scapulae muscle seem to be reliable landmarks. From these, the ultrasound-guided injection can be carried out laterally by transfixing the body of the levator scapulae.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study defined two cervical anatomo-sonographic landmarks for injecting the LC and SC muscles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02646-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T08:02:40Z","timestamp":1610956960000},"page":"909-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anatomo-sonographic identification of the longissimus capitis and splenius cervicis muscles: principles for possible application to ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5221-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonore","family":"Brumpt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Aubry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Vuillier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Tatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2646_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12517","volume":"21","author":"CC Delnooz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Delnooz CC, Veugen LC, Pasman JW, Lapatki BG, van Dijk JP, van de Warrenburg BP (2014) The clinical utility of botulinum toxin injections targeted at the motor endplate zone in cervical dystonia. 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Acta Neurol Scand 117(2):73\u201384","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2646_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baga.2011.01.001","volume":"1","author":"G Reichel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reichel G (2011) Cervical dystonia: a new phenomenological classification for botulinum toxin therapy. Basal Ganglia 1:5\u201312","journal-title":"Basal Ganglia"},{"issue":"10","key":"2646_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1356-2","volume":"122","author":"A Schramm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schramm A, B\u00e4umer T, Fietzek U, Heitmann S, Walter U, Jost WH (2015) Relevance of sonography for botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia: an expert statement. J Neural Transm 122(10):1457\u201363","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"2","key":"2646_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1621-7","volume":"124","author":"L Tatu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tatu L, Jost WH (2017) Anatomy and cervical dystonia: \u201cdysfunction follows form.\u201d J Neural Transm 124(2):237\u2013243","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"}],"container-title":["Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02646-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02646-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02646-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T20:03:26Z","timestamp":1622318606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02646-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02646-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-1038","1279-8517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0930-1038","type":"print"},{"value":"1279-8517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}