{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T06:12:45Z","timestamp":1745993565636,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Radiol Anat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The flexor pollicis longus (FPL) is located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It is morphologically variable in both point of origin and insertion. An additional head of the FPL can lead to anterior interosseous syndrome. This report presents a morphological variation of the FPL (additional head in proximal attachment and bifurcated tendinous insertion in distal attachment) and an unrecognized structure that has not so far been described in the literature. This structure originates in six heads (attached to the FPL or interosseous membrane) that merge together, and inserts on to the FPL. All the variations noted have clinical significance, ranging from potential nerve compression to prevention of tendon rupture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-021-02721-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T12:02:25Z","timestamp":1614772945000},"page":"763-769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Coexistence of two accessory flexor pollicis longus heads or coexistence of two-headed flexor pollicis longus with an unrecognized anatomical structure?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nicol","family":"Zielinska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Shane","family":"Tubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Olewnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2721_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80114-8","author":"MM Al-Qattan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Al-Qattan MM (1996) Gantzer\u2019s muscle: an anatomical study of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle. J Hand Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80114-8","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"2721_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.02.021","volume":"21","author":"A Aljawder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aljawder A, Faqi MK, Mohamed A, Alkhalifa F (2016) Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome diagnosis and intraoperative findings: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 21:44\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.02.021","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"2721_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2018.0091","volume":"78","author":"DR Ballesteros","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ballesteros DR, Forero PL, Ballesteros LE (2019) Accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle: anatomical study and clinical significance. Folia Morphol 78:394\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/FM.a2018.0091","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"2721_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-78522015230200955","volume":"23","author":"EB Caetano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caetano EB, Neto JJS, Vieira L\u00c2, Caetano MF, Moraes DV (2015) Gantzer muscle An anatomical study. Acta Ortop Bras 23:72\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1413-78522015230200955","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"2721_CR5","first-page":"457","volume":"47","author":"P Chazerain","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chazerain P (1997) Carpal tunnel syndrome. La Rev du Prat 47:457\u2013459","journal-title":"La Rev du Prat"},{"key":"2721_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(87)90189-6","volume":"12","author":"AL Dellon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dellon AL, Mackinnon SE (1987) Musculoaponeurotic variations along the course of the median nerve in the proximal forearm. J Hand Surg Am 12:359\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0266-7681(87)90189-6","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"2721_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.180349","author":"R Diogo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diogo R, Siomava N, Gitton Y (2019) Development of human limb muscles based on whole-mount immunostaining and the links between ontogeny and evolution. Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.180349","journal-title":"Dev"},{"key":"2721_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2013\/4545.2788","volume":"7","author":"SA Gunnal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gunnal SA, Siddiqui AU, Daimi SR, Farooqui MS, Wabale RN (2013) A study on the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle (Gantzer\u2019s muscle). J Clin Diagnostic Res 7:418\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2013\/4545.2788","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnostic Res"},{"key":"2721_CR9","first-page":"14","volume":"39","author":"MV Hemmady","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hemmady MV, Subramanya AV, Mehta IM (1993) Occasional head of flexor pollicis longus muscle: a study of its morphology and clinical significance. J Postgrad Med 39:14\u201316","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"2721_CR10","unstructured":"Khan IA, Varacallo M (2020) Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, hand extensor pollicis longus muscle. StatPearls 1\u20136"},{"key":"2721_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4763.850","volume":"1","author":"LG Kiloh","year":"1952","unstructured":"Kiloh LG, Nevin S (1952) Isolated neuritis of the anterior interosseous nerve. Br Med J 1:850\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.1.4763.850","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2721_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.006","volume":"34","author":"JM Kistler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kistler JM, Ilyas AM, Thoder JJ (2018) Forearm compartment syndrome. Hand Clin 34:53\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.006","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"2721_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012157","volume":"97","author":"YK Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee YK, Lee M (2018) Spontaneous rupture of flexor pollicis longus tendon by tendolipomatosis in proximal phalanx: a case report. Med 97:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000012157","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"2721_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2008.03.010","volume":"24","author":"FJ Leversedge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leversedge FJ (2008) Anatomy and pathomechanics of the thumb. Hand Clin 24:219\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcl.2008.03.010","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"2721_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196042030-00010","volume":"42A","author":"U Mangini","year":"1960","unstructured":"Mangini U (1960) Flexor pollicis lungus muscle. Its morphology and clinical significance. J Bone Joint Surg Am 42A:467\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-196042030-00010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2721_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3552","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.072728","volume":"215","author":"A Matson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matson A, Konow N, Miller S, Konow PP, Roberts TJ (2012) Tendon material properties vary and are interdependent among turkey hindlimb muscles. J Exp Biol 215:3552\u20133558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.072728","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2721_CR17","first-page":"228","volume":"22","author":"T Matsui","year":"1971","unstructured":"Matsui T, Kinoshita M, Taguchi Y (1971) Tendinous fusion of the flexor pollicis longus muscle and flexor digitorum longus muscle. Seikei Geka 22:228\u2013231","journal-title":"Seikei Geka"},{"key":"2721_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200102000-00013","volume":"383","author":"JC McGinley","year":"2001","unstructured":"McGinley JC, Kozin SH (2001) Interosseous membrane anatomy and functional mechanics. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 383:108\u2013122","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res."},{"key":"2721_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2353(2000)13:6<434::AID-CA7>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"13","author":"CS Oh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oh CS, Chung IH, Koh KS (2000) Anatomical study of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus and the anterior interosseous nerve in Asians. Clin Anat 13:434\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-2353(2000)13:6%3c434::AID-CA7%3e3.0.CO;2-4","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"2721_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2019.03.002","volume":"224","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141 (2019) Is there a relationship between the occurrence of frenular ligaments and the type of fibularis longus tendon insertion? Ann Anat 224:47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2019.03.002","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"2721_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151504","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141, Karauda P, Gonera B, Kurtys K, Ha\u0142adaj R, Tubbs RS, Paulsen F, Ram\u00f3n Sanudo J, Polguj M (2020) Intramuscular innervation of plantaris muscle evaluated using a modified Sihler\u2019s staining protocol \u2013 proposal for a new classification. Ann Anat-Anat Anzeiger. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151504","journal-title":"Ann Anat-Anat Anzeiger"},{"key":"2721_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151506","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141, Kurtys K, Gonera B, Podg\u00f3rski M, Sibi\u0144ski M, Polguj M (2020) Proposal for a new classification of plantaris muscle origin and its potential effect on the knee joint. Ann Anat-Anat Anzeiger. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151506","journal-title":"Ann Anat-Anat Anzeiger"},{"key":"2721_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/fm.a2020.0085","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141, Paulsen F, Tubbs RS, Zielinska N, Szewczyk B, Karauda P, Polguj M (2020) Potential compression of the musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves by a very rare variant of the coracobrachialis longus muscle. Folia Morphol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/fm.a2020.0085","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"2721_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-017-0413-y","volume":"93","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141, Podg\u00f3rski M, Polguj M, Wysiadecki G, Topol M (2018) Anatomical variations of the pronator teres muscle in a Central European population and its clinical significance. Anat Sci Int 93:299\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12565-017-0413-y","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"2721_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-2069-2","volume":"40","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141, Wa\u015bniewska A, Polguj M, Podg\u00f3rski M, \u0141ab\u0119towicz P, Ruzik K, Topol M (2018) Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 40:1283\u20131291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-018-2069-2","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2721_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1901-x","volume":"18","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141, Wysiadecki G, Polguj M, Podg\u00f3rski M, Jezierski H, Topol M (2017) Anatomical variations of the palmaris longus muscle including its relation to the median nerve-a proposal for a new classification. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-017-1901-x","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2721_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02589-x","author":"\u0141 Olewnik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olewnik \u0141, Zielinska N, Karauda P, Duparc F, Georgiev G (2020) Polguj M The co-occurrence of a four headed coracobrachialis muscke, split coracoid process and tunnel for the median and musculocutaneous nerve: the potential clinical relevance of a very rare variation. Surg Radiol Anat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02589-x","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat."},{"key":"2721_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1255","volume":"2015","author":"J Roy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roy J, Henry BM, Pekala PA, Vikse J, Ramakrishnan PK, Walocha JA, Tomaszewski KA (2015) The prevalence and anatomical characteristics of the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle: A meta-analysis. PeerJ 2015:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.1255","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2721_CR29","unstructured":"Sembian T, Srimathi M, Muhil (2020) A study of the accessory muscles in the flexor compartment of the forearm. 2020:1\u20132"},{"key":"2721_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(02)00103-7","volume":"30","author":"RJ Spinner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spinner RJ, Amadio PC (2003) Compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity. Clin Plast Surg 30:155\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0094-1298(02)00103-7","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2721_CR31","first-page":"4","volume":"96","author":"A Wertheimer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wertheimer A, Kiel J (2018) Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, forearm anterior interosseous nerve. StatPearls 96:4\u20137","journal-title":"StatPearls"},{"key":"2721_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00545-0","volume":"2","author":"L Yurasakpong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yurasakpong L, Diogo R, Chaiyamoon A, Meemon K, Suwannakhan A (2020) Extensor indicis radialis and extensor medii proprius associated with an unknown fibromuscular slip: a case report. SN Compr Clin Med 2:2456\u20132459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42399-020-00545-0","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"2721_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02531-6","author":"N Zielinska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zielinska N, Olewnik \u0141, Tubbs RS (2020) A very rare case of an accessory subscapularis muscle and its potential clinical significance. Surg Radiol Anat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02531-6","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2721_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151615","author":"N Zielinska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zielinska N, Tubbs RS, Podg\u00f3rski M, Karauda P, Polguj M, Olewnik L (2020) The subscapularis tendon: a proposed classification system. Ann Anat-Anat Anzeiger. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2020.151615","journal-title":"Ann Anat-Anat Anzeiger"}],"container-title":["Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02721-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02721-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02721-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T04:09:33Z","timestamp":1620360573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02721-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02721-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-1038","1279-8517"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0930-1038"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1279-8517"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The Local Bioethics Commission gave consent for the study (Agreement no. RNN\/09\/19\/KE).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}