{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:18:55Z","timestamp":1786979935268,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Radiol Anat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although lumbar discectomy is the most common procedure in spine surgery, reports about anatomical relations between discs and prevertebral vessels are limited. Aim of this research was to investigate morphometric of the lumbar region and the relations between intervertebral discs (IVDs) and abdominal aorta.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>557 abdominal computed tomography scans were assessed. For each spinal column level from Th12\/L1 down to L4\/L5, we investigated: intervertebral disc\u2019s and vertebra\u2019s height, width, length, and distance from aorta or common iliac artery (CIA). Those arteries were also measured in two dimensions and classified based on location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      54.58% of patients were male. There was a significant difference in arterial-disc distances (ADDs) between genders at the levels: L1\/L2 (1.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.97 vs. 0.96\u2009\u00b1\u20091.78\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0194), L2\/L3 (1.97\u2009\u00b1\u20092.16 vs. 1.15\u2009\u00b1\u20092.01\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), L3\/L4 (2.54\u2009\u00b1\u20092.78 vs. 1.71\u2009\u00b1\u20092.61\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0012), also for both CIAs (left CIA 3.64\u2009\u00b1\u20093.63 vs. 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20093.06\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0004 and right CIA: 7.96\u2009\u00b1\u20095.06 vs. 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20094.57\u00a0mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001)\u2014those ADDs were higher in men at all levels. The length and width of IVD increased alongside with disc level with the maximum at L4\/L5.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bifurcations of the aorta in most cases occurred at the L4 level. Collected data suggest that at the highest lumbar levels, there is a greater possibility to cause injury of the aorta due to its close anatomical relationship with discs. Females have limited, in comparison to males, ADD at L1\/L2, L2\/L3, and L3\/L4 levels what should be taken into consideration during preoperative planning of surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-021-02865-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T01:02:30Z","timestamp":1638838950000},"page":"431-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Morphometric analysis of the lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs in relation to abdominal aorta: CT-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Kot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Klepinowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3942-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej J.","family":"Fr\u0105czek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger M.","family":"Krzy\u017cewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Grochowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeusz J.","family":"Popiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borys M.","family":"Kwinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2865_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01311-5","volume":"44","author":"A Akhaddar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akhaddar A, Alaoui M, Turgut M, Hall W (2021) Iatrogenic vascular laceration during posterior lumbar disc surgery: a literature review. Neurosurg Rev 44:821\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-020-01311-5","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"2865_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-017-3542-x","volume":"30","author":"AA Berger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berger AA, Abramowitch S, Moalli PA (2019) 3D vascular anatomy of the presacral space: impact of age and adiposity. Int Urogynecol J 30:401\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00192-017-3542-x","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"2865_CR3","first-page":"231","volume":"49","author":"P Bojarski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bojarski P, Sobstyl M (2021) Vascular iatrogenic injury during lumbar disc surgery: a literature review. Pol Merkur Lekarski 49:231\u2013234","journal-title":"Pol Merkur Lekarski"},{"key":"2865_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9790\/0853-13725660","author":"CA Appaji","year":"2014","unstructured":"Appaji CA, Kulkarni R, Pai DSB (2014) Level of bifurcation of aorta and iliocaval confluence and its clinical relevance. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9790\/0853-13725660","journal-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci"},{"key":"2865_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.29021-20.1","author":"H Can","year":"2020","unstructured":"Can H, Diren F, Peker B, Gomleksiz C, Guclu DG, Kucuk C, Civelek E, Aydoseli A, Sencer A (2020) Morphometric analysis of lumbar arteries and relationship with intervertebral discs\\\u2019, a study of surgical anatomy on human fresh cadavers. Turk Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.29021-20.1","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"2865_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200007010-00013","author":"J Capellades","year":"2000","unstructured":"Capellades J, Pellis\u00e9 F, Rovira A, Griv\u00e9 E, Pedraza S, Villanueva C (2000) Magnetic resonance anatomic study of iliocava junction and left iliac vein positions related to L5\u2013S1 disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200007010-00013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2865_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.3.5.0371","author":"DS Cho","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cho DS, Kim SJ, Seo EK, Chung IH, Oh CS (2005) Quantitative anatomical and morphological classification of the iliac vessels anterior to the lumbosacral vertebrae. J Neurosurg Spine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/spi.2005.3.5.0371","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"2865_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.29654-20.2","author":"J Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai J, Yu Z, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Lv J, Lin H (2020) Morphometric measurement of lower lumbar intervertebral foramina based on digital three-dimensional simulation. Turk Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5137\/1019-5149.JTN.29654-20.2","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"2865_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000250991.02387.84","author":"JC Datta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Datta JC, Janssen ME, Beckham R, Ponce C (2007) The use of computed tomography angiography to define the prevertebral vascular anatomy prior to anterior lumbar procedures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000250991.02387.84","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2865_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-007-1132-2","author":"B Erkut","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erkut B, \u00dcnl\u00fc Y, Kaygin MA, \u00c7olak A, Erdem AF (2007) Iatrogenic vascular injury during to lumbar disc surgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-007-1132-2","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"2865_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318267fb36","author":"C Ganesan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ganesan C, Petrus L, Ross IB (2012) Regarding the possibility of anterior vascular injury from the posterior approach to the lumbar disc space: an anatomical study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318267fb36","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2865_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06624-z","volume":"30","author":"B Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg B, Mehta N, Vijayakumar V, Gupta A (2021) Defining a safe working zone for lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a radiographic, cross-sectional study. Eur Spine J 30:164\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-020-06624-z","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2865_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-011-0798-6","author":"P Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gu\u00e9rin P, Obeid I, Gille O, Bourghli A, Luc S, Pointillart V, Cursolle JC, Vital JM (2011) Safe working zones using the minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach: a morphometric study. Surg Radiol Anat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-011-0798-6","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2865_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.7.SPINE14256","author":"D Huttman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huttman D, Cyriac M, Yu W, O\u2019Brien JR (2016) The unusual presentation of a vascular injury after lumbar microdiscectomy: case report. J Neurosurg Spine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.7.SPINE14256","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"2865_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830262","author":"J Inamasu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Inamasu J, Kim DH, Logan L (2005) Three-dimensional computed tomographic anatomy of the abdominal great vessels pertinent to L4\u2013L5 anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2004-830262","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"2865_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/s0717-95022016000200033","author":"EN Keskinoz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keskinoz EN, Salbacak A, Akin D, Kabakci ADA, Yilmaz MT, Cicekcibasi AE, Ozbek O (2016) Morphometric analysis of the inferior vena cava related to lumbar vertebra and the aortic bifurcation on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Int J Morphol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/s0717-95022016000200033","journal-title":"Int J Morphol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2865_CR17","first-page":"47","volume":"92","author":"K Khamanarong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khamanarong K, Sae-Jung S, Supa-adirek C, Teerakul S, Prachaney P (2009) Aortic bifurcation: a cadaveric study of its relationship to the spine. J Med Assoc Thai 92(1):47\u201349. http:\/\/www.jmatonline.com\/index.php\/jmat\/article\/view\/844,","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2865_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200207010-00004","author":"TJ Kleeman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kleeman TJ, Michael Ahn U, Clutterbuck WB, Campbell CJ, Talbot-Kleeman A (2002) Laparoscopic anterior lumbar interbody fusion at L4\u2013L5: an anatomic evaluation and approach classification. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200207010-00004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2865_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.168","volume":"137","author":"BM Kwinta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwinta BM, Myszka AM, Bigaj MM, Dragan MR, Kenig J, Krzy\u017cewski RM (2020) Iatrogenic common iliac vessel injury during routine degenerative lumbar spine surgery: report of 2 cases and review of literature. World Neurosurg 137:111\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.01.168","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2865_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318272fd3d","author":"JY Luan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luan JY, Li X (2012) A misdiagnosed iliac pseudoaneurysm complicated lumbar disc surgery performed 13 years ago. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318272fd3d","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2865_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2020.0064","volume":"80","author":"E Panagouli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panagouli E, Antonopoulos I, Tsoucalas G, Chrysikos D, Samolis A, Protogerou V, Venieratos D, Troupis T (2021) Case series and a systematic review concerning the level of the aortic bifurcation. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 80:302\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/FM.a2020.0064","journal-title":"Folia Morphol (Warsz)"},{"key":"2865_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1682","author":"S Papadoulas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Papadoulas S, Konstantinou D, Kourea HP, Kritikos N, Haftouras N, Tsolakis JA (2002) Vascular injury complicating lumbar disc surgery. A systematic review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1682","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"2865_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.12.2051","author":"T Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park T, Park SH, Arora A (2016) Delayed high output heart failure due to arteriovenous fistula complicated with herniated disc surgery. J Korean Med Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.12.2051","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2865_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.11.016","author":"R Postacchini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Postacchini R, Cinotti G, Postacchini F (2013) Injury to major abdominal vessels during posterior lumbar interbody fusion. A case report and review of the literature. Spine J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.11.016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2865_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(97)00165-4","volume":"27","author":"A Prescher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Prescher A (1998) Anatomy and pathology of the aging spine. Eur J Radiol 27:181\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0720-048X(97)00165-4","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2865_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a029e1","author":"GJ Regev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Regev GJ, Chen L, Dhawan M, Lee YP, Garfin SR, Kim CW (2009) Morphometric analysis of the ventral nerve roots and retroperitoneal vessels with respect to the minimally invasive lateral approach in normal and deformed spines. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a029e1","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2865_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E863","DOI":"10.1532\/hsf.3289","volume":"23","author":"M Salagean","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salagean M, Ginghina C, Geana RC, Dragulescu R, Balcangiu Stroescu A, Stiru O, Raducu L, Iliescu VA, Tulin A (2020) Iatrogenic iliac arteriovenous fistula management after lumbar discectomy surgeries: a case report and review of the literature. Heart Surg Forum 23:E863\u2013E866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1532\/hsf.3289","journal-title":"Heart Surg Forum"},{"key":"2865_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202010-00013","volume":"27","author":"Z Shao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shao Z, Rompe G, Schiltenwolf M (2002) Radiographic changes in the lumbar intervertebral discs and lumbar vertebrae with age. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27:263\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200202010-00013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2865_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4405-8","author":"R Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang R, Gungor C, Sesek RF, Foreman KB, Gallagher S, Davis GA (2016) Morphometry of the lower lumbar intervertebral discs and endplates: comparative analyses of new MRI data with previous findings. Eur Spine J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4405-8","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2865_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00671","author":"AR Vaccaro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vaccaro AR, Kepler CK, Rihn JA, Suzuki H, Ratliff JK, Harrop JS, Morrison WB, Limthongkul W, Albert TJ (2012) Anatomical relationships of the anterior blood vessels to the lower lumbar intervertebral discs: analysis based on magnetic resonance imaging of patients in the prone position. J Bone Jt Surg Ser A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.K.00671","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Ser A"},{"key":"2865_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(01)00126-7","author":"BK Weiner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weiner BK, Walker M, Fraser RD (2001) Vascular anatomy anterior to lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and implications for anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1529-9430(01)00126-7","journal-title":"Spine J"}],"container-title":["Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02865-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02865-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02865-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T04:07:53Z","timestamp":1646971673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02865-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-021-02865-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1279-8517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1279-8517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Research only included retrospective and anonymized patient data. Informed consent and ethical approval were not deemed necessary by the local ethics in view of the retrospective design of the study and the application of strict patient privacy regulations operating in our center.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants and\/or animals"}}]}}