{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:40:40Z","timestamp":1792093240427,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Radiol Anat"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-026-03941-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:23:22Z","timestamp":1784100202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A new classification system of superior and inferior gemelli muscles: a cadaveric study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Nicol","family":"Zielinska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Borowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Gonera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Szewczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Balcerzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Olewnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3941_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2022.04.003","volume":"106","author":"A Abdulhameed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdulhameed A, Ahmed IM, Bello SS (2022) Bilateral absence: a rare anomaly of the gemelli muscles. Morphologie 106:132\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.morpho.2022.04.003","journal-title":"Morphologie"},{"key":"3941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01628510","volume":"19","author":"Y Arifoglu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arifoglu Y, S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc HS, Sargon MF, Tanyeli E, Yazar F (1997) Double superior gemellus together with double piriformis and high division of the sciatic nerve. Surg Radiol Anat 19:407\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01628510","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"3941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-020-02539-y","volume":"43","author":"C Assi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Assi C, Bonnel F, Mansour J, Mares O, Yammine K (2021) Morphometric analysis of all 24 hip muscles: a cadaveric study of 18 hip specimens with proposal of a new classification of muscles. Surg Radiol Anat 43:63\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-020-02539-y","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"3941_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-024-03384-z","volume":"46","author":"C Assi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Assi C, Bonnel F, Elkayem E, Mansour J, Mares O, Yammine K (2024) The short external rotator muscles of the hip: a cadaveric study on 18 specimens with clinical implications. Surg Radiol Anat 46:1109\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-024-03384-z","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"3941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1075","volume":"263","author":"HH Aung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aung HH, Sakamoto H, Akita K, Sato T (2001) Anatomical study of the obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles with special reference to their innervation. Anat Rec 263:210\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1075","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"3941_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10215","volume":"17","author":"M Bajka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bajka M, Manestar M, Hug J, Sz\u00e9kely G, Haller U, Groscurth P (2004) Detailed anatomy of the abdomen and pelvis of the visible human female. Clin Anat 17:252\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.10215","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"3941_CR7","first-page":"332","volume":"6","author":"RC Bardeen","year":"1907","unstructured":"Bardeen RC (1907) Development and variation of the musculature of the inferior extremity and of the neighboring regions of the trunk in man. Am J Anat 6:332\u2013336","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"3941_CR8","volume-title":"Illustrated encyclopedia of human anatomic variations","author":"RA Bergman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergman RA, Afifi AK, Miyauchi R (2017) Illustrated encyclopedia of human anatomic variations. Anatomy Atlases, Salt Lake City"},{"key":"3941_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2008.108.11.657","volume":"108","author":"LA Boyajian-O\u2019Neill","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boyajian-O\u2019Neill LA, McClain RL, Coleman MK, Thomas PP (2008) Diagnosis and management of piriformis syndrome: an osteopathic approach. J Am Osteopath Assoc 108:657\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7556\/jaoa.2008.108.11.657","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"3941_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(96)00025-5","volume":"29","author":"GN Duda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Duda GN, Brand D, Freitag S, Lierse W, Schneider E (1996) Variability of femoral muscle attachments. J Biomech 29:1185\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9290(96)00025-5","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3941_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1504-9","volume":"19","author":"K Hopayian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hopayian K, Song F, Riera R, Sambandan S (2010) The clinical features of the piriformis syndrome: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 19:2095\u20132109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-010-1504-9","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"3941_CR12","volume-title":"Clinically Oriented Anatomy","author":"KL Moore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR (2018) Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 8th edn. Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia","edition":"8"},{"key":"3941_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.5603\/fm.94434","volume":"83","author":"M Po\u015bnik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Po\u015bnik M, Zielinska N, Ruzik K, Olewnik \u0141 (2024) The morphological variability of the pelvic girdle muscles: a potential trap during ultrasound. Folia Morphol 83:789\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/fm.94434","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"3941_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.100796","volume-title":"Les Anomalies Musculaires Chez l\u2019homme Expliqu\u00e9es Par Anatomie Compar\u00e9e, Importance En Anthropologie","author":"L Testut","year":"1884","unstructured":"Testut L (1884) Les Anomalies Musculaires Chez l\u2019homme Expliqu\u00e9es Par Anatomie Compar\u00e9e, Importance En Anthropologie. Masson, Paris"},{"key":"3941_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23186","volume":"34","author":"KA Tomaszewski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tomaszewski KA, Graves MJ, Henry BM, Popieluszko P, Roy J, P\u0119kala PA, Hsieh WC, Vikse J, Walocha JA (2016) Surgical anatomy of the sciatic nerve: A meta-analysis. J Orthop Res 34:1820\u20131827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.23186","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"3941_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tubbs RS, Shoja MM, Loukas M (2016) Bergman\u2019s Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118430309"},{"key":"3941_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2023.0012","volume":"82","author":"N Zielinska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zielinska N, Tubbs RS, \u0141ab\u0119towicz P, Olewnik \u0141H (2023) Two variant muscles in the gluteal region. Folia Morphol 82:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/FM.a2023.0012","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"}],"container-title":["Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-026-03941-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00276-026-03941-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00276-026-03941-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:23:24Z","timestamp":1784100204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00276-026-03941-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00276-026-03941-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1279-8517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1279-8517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was accepted by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Lodz. The cadavers were the property of the Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz. Informed consent had been obtained from all participants before they died.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"178"}}