{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:11:37Z","timestamp":1793059897514,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81572920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81572920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China","award":["LY15H160038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY15H160038"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007471","name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2013CB911303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CB911303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-019-03740-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T19:02:12Z","timestamp":1561143732000},"page":"2111-2119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Clinical characteristics and outcomes of primary adrenal diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a large contemporary cohort: a SEER-based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Shu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4737-5523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3740_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197201)29:1<252::AID-CNCR2820290138>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"29","author":"C Freeman","year":"1972","unstructured":"Freeman C, Berg JW, Cutler SJ (1972) Occurrence and prognosis of extranodal lymphomas. Cancer 29:252\u2013260","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3740_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940215)73:4<1194::AID-CNCR2820730412>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"73","author":"J Baar","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baar J, Burkes RL, Bell R, Blackstein ME, Fernandes B, Langer F (1994) Primary non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma of bone. A clinicopathologic study. Cancer 73:1194\u20131199","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3740_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190310001615756","volume":"45","author":"D Singh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh D, Kumar L, Sharma A, Vijayaraghavan M, Thulkar S, Tandon N (2004) Adrenal involvement in non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: four cases and review of literature. Leuk Lymphoma 45:789\u2013794","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"3740_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rlu.0000155983.46815.1c","volume":"30","author":"R Kumar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kumar R, Xiu Y, Mavi A, Haddad GE, Zhuang H, Alavi A (2005) FDG-PET imaging in primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Nucl Med 30:222\u2013230","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"3740_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.36.47","volume":"36","author":"M Kubo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kubo M, Koga M, Fujii T, Kaneko T, Yamashita K, Kokubu T (1997) Bilateral adrenal lymphoma with neoplastic angioendotheliosis. Intern Med 36:47\u201352","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"3740_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K08E-035","volume":"55","author":"A Ozimek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ozimek A, Diebold J, Linke R, Heyn J, Hallfeldt K, Mussack T (2008) Bilateral primary adrenal non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma and primary adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr J 55:625\u2013638","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"3740_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-16-0015","volume":"5","author":"N Lomte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lomte N, Bandgar T, Khare S, Jadhav S, Lila A, Goroshi M, Kasaliwal R, Khadilkar K, Shah NS (2016) Bilateral adrenal masses: a single-centre experience. Endocr Connect 5:92\u2013100","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"3740_CR8","first-page":"103","volume":"110","author":"C Laurent","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laurent C, Casasnovas O, Martin L, Chauchet A, Ghesquieres H, Aussedat G et al (2017) Adrenal lymphoma: presentation, management and prognosis. QJM 110:103\u2013109","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"3740_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-003-0838-3","volume":"83","author":"G Mantzios","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mantzios G, Tsirigotis P, Veliou F, Boutsikakis I, Petraki L, Kolovos J, Papageorgiou S, Robos Y (2004) Primary adrenal lymphoma presenting as Addison\u2019s disease: case report and review of the literature. Ann Hematol 83:460\u2013463","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"3740_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-008-0492-x","volume":"87","author":"CS Schreiber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schreiber CS, Sakon JR, Simiao FP, Tomarchio MP, Huayllas M, Pereira LC et al (2008) Primary adrenal lymphoma: a case series study. Ann Hematol 87:859\u2013861","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"3740_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-5-49","volume":"5","author":"YR Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim YR, Kim JS, Min YH, Yoon DH, Shin HJ, Mun YC, Park Y, Do YR, Jeong SH, Park JS, Oh SY, Lee S, Park EK, Jang JS, Lee WS, Lee HW, Eom HS, Ahn JS, Jeong JH, Baek SK, Kim SJ, Kim WS, Suh C (2012) Prognostic factors in primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of adrenal gland treated with rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy from the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL). J Hematol Oncol 5:49","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"3740_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/35000501","volume":"403","author":"AA Alizadeh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, Boldrick JC, Sabet H, Tran T, Yu X, Powell JI, Yang L, Marti GE, Moore T, Hudson J, Lu L, Lewis DB, Tibshirani R, Sherlock G, Chan WC, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Armitage JO, Warnke R, Levy R, Wilson W, Grever MR, Byrd JC, Botstein D, Brown PO, Staudt LM (2000) Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 403:503\u2013511","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3740_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2009.87","volume":"22","author":"A Mozos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mozos A, Ye H, Chuang WY, Chu JS, Huang WT, Chen HK, Hsu YH, Bacon CM, du MQ, Campo E, Chuang SS (2009) Most primary adrenal lymphomas are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with non-germinal center B-cell phenotype, BCL6 gene rearrangement and poor prognosis. Mod Pathol 22:1210\u20131217","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"3740_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3941","volume":"49","author":"K Horiguchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horiguchi K, Hashimoto K, Hashizume M, Masuo T, Suto M, Okajo J, Handa H, Kaneko Y, Yokoo H, Sasaki A, Okada S, Yamada M, Tsukamoto N, Nojima Y, Nakazato Y, Mori M (2010) Primary bilateral adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma demonstrating adrenal failure. Intern Med 49:2241\u20132246","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"3740_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29049","volume":"23","author":"KA Cronin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cronin KA, Ries LA, Edwards BK (2014) The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute. Cancer Suppl 23:3755\u20133757","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"3740_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0490","volume":"23","author":"SF Altekruse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Altekruse SF, Rosenfeld GE, Carrick DM, Pressman EJ, Schully SD, Mechanic LE, Cronin KA, Hernandez BY, Lynch CF, Cozen W, Khoury MJ, Penberthy LT (2014) SEER cancer registry biospecimen research: yesterday and tomorrow. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 23:2681\u20132687","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"key":"3740_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.65.6520","volume":"34","author":"N Schmitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmitz N, Zeynalova S, Nickelsen M, Kansara R, Villa D, Sehn LH, Glass B, Scott DW, Gascoyne RD, Connors JM, Ziepert M, Pfreundschuh M, Loeffler M, Savage KJ (2016) CNS international prognostic index: a risk model for CNS relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. J Clin Oncol 34:3150\u20133156","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3740_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1812-3","volume":"92","author":"A Rashidi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rashidi A, Fisher SI (2013) Primary adrenal lymphoma: a systematic review. Ann Hematol 92:1583\u20131593","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"3740_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdg004","volume":"14","author":"ADG Krol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krol ADG (2013) Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL): the impact of alternative definitions tested in the Comprehensive Cancer Centre West population-based NHL registry. Ann Oncol 14:131\u2013139","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"3740_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.4158\/EP14471.OR","volume":"21","author":"R Kasaliwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kasaliwal R, Goroshi M, Khadilkar K, Bakshi G, Rangarajan V, Malhotra G, Lila A, Bandgar T, Shah NS (2015) Primary adrenal lymphoma: a single-center experience. Endocr Pract 21:719\u2013724","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"3740_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770050517","volume":"78","author":"HC Wu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wu HC, Shih LY, Chen TC, Chu SH, Tsai CC (1999) A patient with bilateral primary adrenal lymphoma, presenting with fever of unknown origin and achieving long-term disease-free survival after resection and chemotherapy. Ann Hematol 78:289\u2013292","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"3740_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2002.43.3.385","volume":"43","author":"JS Hahn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hahn JS, Choi HS, Suh CO, Lee WJ (2002) A case of primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma (PAL) with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Yonsei Med J 43:385\u2013390","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"3740_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199909083386","volume":"34","author":"JR Salvatore","year":"1999","unstructured":"Salvatore JR, Ross RS (1999) Primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 34:111\u2013117","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"3740_CR24","first-page":"1602","volume":"16","author":"H Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen H, Wei Z, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Han X, Wang W, Zhang L, Yang C, Feng J (2018) Primary extra-nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a prognostic analysis of 141 patients. Oncol Lett 16:1602\u20131614","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"3740_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3816\/CLM.2003.n.024","volume":"4","author":"AP Grigg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grigg AP, Connors JM (2003) Primary adrenal lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma 4:154\u2013160","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma"},{"key":"3740_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000204690","volume":"88","author":"F Bauduer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bauduer F, Delmer A, Le Tourneau A, Guettier G, Alexandre JH, Zittoun R, Bernadou A (1992) Primary adrenal lymphoma. Acta Haematol 88:213\u2013215","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"3740_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1159\/000204001","volume":"94","author":"I Sasagawa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sasagawa I, Sadamori N, Itoyama T, Tsukasaki K, Nakamura H, Tomonaga M, Kishikawa M (1995) Primary adrenal lymphoma with chromosomal abnormalities. Acta Haematol 94:156\u2013162","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"3740_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2055-6","volume":"37","author":"G Scoccianti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scoccianti G, Rigacci L, Puccini B, Campanacci DA, Simontacchi G, Bosi A, Capanna R (2013) Primary lymphoma of bone: outcome and role of surgery. Int Orthop 37:2437\u20132242","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"3740_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3956","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23285","volume":"9","author":"Y Jia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jia Y, Sun C, Liu Z, Wang W, Zhou X (2017) Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a population-based study from 1975 to 2014. Oncotarget 9:3956\u20133967","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"3740_CR30","first-page":"502","volume":"37","author":"X Niu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niu X, Hu H, Gao J, Nie Y, Zhao W, Xu H et al (2014) A clinical analysis of 40 cases of primary and secondary pulmonary lymphoma. Chin J Tubere Respir Dis 37:502\u2013506","journal-title":"Chin J Tubere Respir Dis"},{"key":"3740_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-018-2378-1","volume":"473","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, Sun J, Feng J, Luo Y, Ling Q, Wu S, Zeng X, Liang Z (2018) Primary adrenal diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a clinicopathological and molecular study from China. Virchows Arch 473:95\u2013103","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"3740_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2162-3619-2-19","volume":"2","author":"S Ichikawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ichikawa S, Fukuhara N, Inoue A, Katsushima H, Ohba R, Katsuoka Y, Onishi Y, Yamamoto J, Sasaki O, Nomura J, Fukuhara O, Ishizawa K, Ichinohasama R, Harigae H (2013) Clinicopathological analysis of primary adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: effectiveness of rituximab-containing chemotherapy including central nervous system prophylaxis. Exp Hematol Oncol 2:19","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"3740_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850600885393","volume":"47","author":"LJ Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang LJ, Yang GF, Shen W, Qi J (2016) Imaging of primary adrenal lymphoma: case report and literature review. Acta Radiol 47:993\u2013997","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"3740_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx022","volume":"28","author":"T Petrella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petrella T, Copie-Bergman C, Bri\u00e8re J, Delarue R, Jardin F, Ruminy P (2017) BCL2 expression but not MYC and BCL2 coexpression predicts survival in elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma independently of cell of origin in the phase 3 LNH03-6B trial. Ann Oncol 28:1042\u20131049","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03740-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03740-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03740-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T23:07:22Z","timestamp":1592608042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03740-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03740-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-5555","1432-0584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-5555","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}