{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:42:42Z","timestamp":1782236562575,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018867","name":"Heinz Nixdorf Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Research Council","award":["SI 236\/8-1, SI 236\/9-1, ER 155\/6-1, ER 155\/6-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SI 236\/8-1, SI 236\/9-1, ER 155\/6-1, ER 155\/6-2"]}]},{"name":"University Hospital of Essen","award":["IFORES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFORES"]}]},{"name":"Celgene, Munich, Germany","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"The Binding Site Ltd.","award":["FREELITE test kits"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FREELITE test kits"]}]},{"name":"Sarstedt AG & Co","award":["laboratory equipment"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["laboratory equipment"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-019-03825-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T05:55:41Z","timestamp":1573019741000},"page":"2761-2767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Socioeconomic Position is Positively Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance in a Population-based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"B\u00f6rge","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Debold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Arendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Dragano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"D\u00fcrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"D\u00fchrsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Moebus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimund","family":"Erbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"J\u00f6ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewin","family":"Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"3825_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-194241","volume":"113","author":"O Landgren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Landgren O, Kyle RA, Pfeiffer RM, Katzmann JA, Caporaso NE, Hayes RB, Dispenzieri A, Kumar S, Clark RJ, Baris D, Hoover R, Rajkumar SV (2009) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) consistently precedes multiple myeloma: a prospective study. Blood. 113(22):5412\u20135417","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"22","key":"3825_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195008","volume":"113","author":"BM Weiss","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weiss BM, Abadie J, Verma P, Howard RS, Kuehl WM (2009) A monoclonal gammopathy precedes multiple myeloma in most patients. Blood. 113(22):5418\u20135422","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"5","key":"3825_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04355.x","volume":"121","author":"International Myeloma Working Group","year":"2003","unstructured":"International Myeloma Working Group (2003) Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 121(5):749\u2013757","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3825_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054494","volume":"354","author":"RA Kyle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, Larson DR, Plevak MF, Offord JR, Dispenzieri A, Katzmann JA, Melton LJ 3rd (2006) Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med 354(13):1362\u20131369","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3825_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-011-1293-1","volume":"91","author":"L Eisele","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eisele L, D\u00fcrig J, H\u00fcttmann A, D\u00fchrsen U, Assert R, Bokhof B, Erbel R, Mann K, J\u00f6ckel KH, Moebus S, Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group (2012) Prevalence and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and light-chain MGUS in Germany. Ann Hematol 91(2):243\u2013248","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3825_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.203","volume":"22","author":"J Blad\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blad\u00e9 J, Rosi\u00f1ol L, Cibeira MT (2008) de Larrea, C F. Pathogenesis and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Leukemia. 22(9):1651\u20131657","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"issue":"8","key":"3825_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa01133202","volume":"346","author":"RA Kyle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Therneau TM, Rajkumar SV, Offord JR, Larson DR, Plevak MF, Melton LJ 3rd (2002) A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. N Engl J Med 346(8):564\u2013569","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"S12","key":"3825_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22718","volume":"120","author":"DD Alexander","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alexander DD, Mink PJ, Adami H et al (2007) Multiple myeloma: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Int J Cancer 120(S12):40\u201361","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"3825_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12050","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12050","volume":"7","author":"JS Mitchell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitchell JS, Li N, Weinhold N et al (2016) Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for multiple myeloma. Nat Comms 7:12050","journal-title":"Nat Comms"},{"key":"3825_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.02.011","volume":"100","author":"S Caini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Caini S, Masala G, Gnagnarella P, Ermini I, Russell-Edu W, Palli D, Gandini S (2016) Food of animal origin and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: a review of the literature and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 100:16\u201324","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3825_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-015-0625-1","volume":"26","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wu Q, Zhu J, Wu L (2015) Fish consumption and risk of myeloma: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Cancer Causes Control 26(9):1307\u20131314","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"24","key":"3825_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017007609","volume":"1","author":"M Thordardottir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thordardottir M, Lindqvist EK, Lund SH et al (2017) Obesity and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and progression to multiple myeloma: a population-based study. Blood advances 1(24):2186\u20132192","journal-title":"Blood advances"},{"issue":"7","key":"3825_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-01-262394","volume":"116","author":"O Landgren","year":"2010","unstructured":"Landgren O, Rajkumar SV, Pfeiffer RM, Kyle RA, Katzmann JA, Dispenzieri A, Cai Q, Goldin LR, Caporaso NE, Fraumeni JF, Blot WJ, Signorello LB (2010) Obesity is associated with an increased risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among black and white women. Blood. 116(7):1056\u20131059","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"25","key":"3825_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6386","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-02-203471","volume":"113","author":"O Landgren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Landgren O, Kyle RA, Hoppin JA et al (2009) Pesticide exposure and risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the Agricultural Health Study. Blood. 113(25):6386\u20136391","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"6","key":"3825_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24355","volume":"91","author":"B Boursi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boursi B, Weiss BM, Haynes K, Mamtani R, Yang Y (2016) Reappraisal of risk factors for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Am J Hematol 91(6):581\u2013584","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3825_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.942910.x","volume":"97","author":"P Pasqualetti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pasqualetti P, Festuccia V, Acitelli P, Collacciani A, Giusti A, Casale R (1997) Tobacco smoking and risk of haematological malignancies in adults: a case-control study. Br J Haematol 97(3):659\u2013662","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3825_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.8.1277","volume":"90","author":"D Baris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baris D, Brown LM, Silverman DT, Hayes R, Hoover RN, Swanson GM, Dosemeci M, Schwartz AG, Liff JM, Schoenberg JB, Pottern LM, Lubin J, Greenberg RS, Fraumeni JF Jr (2000) Socioeconomic status and multiple myeloma among US blacks and whites. Am J Public Health 90(8):1277\u20131281","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3825_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910430404","volume":"43","author":"P Boffetta","year":"1989","unstructured":"Boffetta P, Stellman SD, Garfinkel L (1989) A case-control study of multiple myeloma nested in the American Cancer Society prospective study. Int J Cancer 43(4):554\u2013559","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"3825_CR19","first-page":"387","volume":"69","author":"R Velez","year":"1982","unstructured":"Velez R, Beral V, Cuzick J (1982) Increasing trends of multiple myeloma mortality in England and Wales; 1950-79: are the changes real? J Natl Cancer Inst 69(2):387\u2013392","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3825_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/140349488901700109","volume":"17","author":"D V\u00e5ger\u00f6","year":"1989","unstructured":"V\u00e5ger\u00f6 D, Norell SE (1989) Mortality and social class in Sweden--exploring a new epidemiological tool. Scand J Soc Med 17(1):49\u201358","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3825_CR21","first-page":"212","volume":"144","author":"A Schmermund","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmermund A, M\u00f6hlenkamp S, Stang A et al (2002) Assessment of clinically silent atherosclerotic disease and established and novel risk factors for predicting myocardial infarction and cardiac death in healthy middle-aged subjects: rationale and design of the Heinz Nixdorf RECALL Study. Risk Factors, Evaluation of Coronary Calcium and Lifestyle. Am. Heart J 144(2):212\u2013218","journal-title":"Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"3825_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-5529-z","volume":"20","author":"A Stang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stang A, Moebus S, Dragano N, Beck EM, M\u00f6hlenkamp S, Schmermund A, Siegrist J, Erbel R, J\u00f6ckel KH, Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigation Group (2005) Baseline recruitment and analyses of nonresponse of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study: identifiability of phone numbers as the major determinant of response. Eur J Epidemiol 20(6):489\u2013496","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3825_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.9.1437","volume":"48","author":"JA Katzmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katzmann JA, Clark RJ, Abraham RS et al (2002) Serum reference intervals and diagnostic ranges for free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains: relative sensitivity for detection of monoclonal light chains. Clin Chem 48(9):1437\u20131444","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3825_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-9-11","volume":"9","author":"CA Hutchison","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hutchison CA, Plant T, Drayson M et al (2008) Serum free light chain measurement aids the diagnosis of myeloma in patients with severe renal failure. BMC Nephrol 9(1):101","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"3825_CR25","unstructured":"UNESCO. International standard classification of education: ISCED 1997. \nhttp:\/\/www.uis.unesco.org\/Library\/Documents\/isced97-en.pdf\n\n. Updated January 30, 2011."},{"key":"3825_CR26","unstructured":"Hagenaars AJ, Zaidi MA, de Vos K Poverty statistics in the late 1980s: research base on micro-date. Luxembourg: EUR-OP; 1994. Theme 3: population and social conditions (yellow). Series C: Accounts and surveys"},{"issue":"1","key":"3825_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.023531","volume":"60","author":"B Galobardes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Davey SG (2006) Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). J Epidemiol Community Health 60(1):7\u201312","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"3825_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.041319","volume":"60","author":"S Geyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geyer S (2006) Education, income, and occupational class cannot be used interchangeably in social epidemiology. Empirical evidence against a common practice. J Epidemiol Community Health 60(9):804\u2013810","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3825_CR29","first-page":"234","volume":"37","author":"G Winkler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Winkler G, D\u00f6ring A (1998) Validation of a short qualitative food frequency list used in several German large scale surveys. Z Ernahrungswiss 37(3):234\u2013241","journal-title":"Z Ernahrungswiss"},{"issue":"4","key":"3825_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-010-0152-5","volume":"55","author":"C Muff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muff C, Dragano N, J\u00f6ckel K, Moebus S, M\u00f6hlenkamp S, Erbel R, Mann K, Siegrist J (2010) Is the co-occurrence of smoking and poor consumption of fruits and vegetables confounded by socioeconomic conditions? Int J Public Health 55(4):339\u2013346","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"3825_CR31","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. \nhttp:\/\/www.R-project.org\/\n\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"3825_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2331","volume":"25","author":"P Royston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Royston P, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W (2006) Dichotomizing continuous predictors in multiple regression: a bad idea. Stat Med 25(1):127\u2013141","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3825_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206047","volume":"13","author":"M Thordardottir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thordardottir M, Lindqvist EK, Lund SH, Costello R, Burton D, Steingrimsdottir L, Korde N, Mailankody S, Eiriksdottir G, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Landgren O, Torfadottir JE, Kristinsson SY (2018) Dietary intake is associated with risk of multiple myeloma and its precursor disease. PLoS One 13(11):e0206047","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"3825_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.126664","volume":"55","author":"JA Katzmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Katzmann JA, Kyle RA, Benson J, Larson DR, Snyder MR, Lust JA, Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A (2009) Screening panels for detection of monoclonal gammopathies. Clin Chem 55(8):1517\u20131522","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03825-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03825-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03825-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:18:37Z","timestamp":1604535517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03825-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-019-03825-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-5555","1432-0584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-5555","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"LE is now an employee of Janssen-Cilag, Germany.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}