{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T18:15:44Z","timestamp":1774548944136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04050-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T08:02:51Z","timestamp":1588579371000},"page":"1217-1223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Outcomes related to intravenous fluid administration in sickle cell patients during vaso-occlusive crisis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daria","family":"Gaut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Ghafouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roswell","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2014.04.011","volume":"32","author":"PB Lovett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lovett PB, Sule HP, Lopez BL (2014) Sickle cell disease in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am 32(3):629\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.emc.2014.04.011","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4050_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20336","volume":"79","author":"SK Ballas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ballas SK, Lusardi M (2005) Hospital readmission for adult acute sickle cell painful episodes: frequency, etiology, and prognostic significance. Am J Hematol 79(1):17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.20336","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"24","key":"4050_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3892","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-05-498311","volume":"122","author":"D Manwani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manwani D, Frenette PS (2013) Vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease: pathophysiology and novel targeted therapies. Blood. 122(24):3892\u20133898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2013-05-498311","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"18","key":"4050_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-383430","volume":"120","author":"SK Ballas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ballas SK, Gupta K, Adams-Graves P (2012) Sickle cell pain: a critical reappraisal. Blood 120(18):3647\u20133656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2012-04-383430","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"4050_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04193.x","volume":"120","author":"DC Rees","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rees DC, Olujohungbe AD, Parker NE, Stephens AD, Telfer P, Wright J (2003) Guidelines for the management of the acute painful crisis in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 120(5):744\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04193.x","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"4050_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005406.pub4","volume-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","author":"U Okomo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Okomo U, Meremikwu MM (2015) Fluid replacement therapy for acute episodes of pain in people with sickle cell disease. In: Okomo U (ed) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005406.pub4"},{"issue":"4","key":"4050_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13348","volume":"169","author":"J Howard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Howard J, Hart N, Roberts-Harewood M, Cummins M, Awogbade M, Davis B (2015) Guideline on the management of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 169(4):492\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.13348","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"25","key":"4050_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006223422502","volume":"342","author":"EP Vichinsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vichinsky EP, Neumayr LD, Earles AN, Williams R, Lennette ET, Dean D, Nickerson B, Orringer E, McKie V, Bellevue R, Daeschner C, Abboud M, Moncino M, Ballas S, Ware R, Manci EA (2000) Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. National Acute Chest Syndrome Study Group. N Engl J Med 342(25):1855\u20131865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200006223422502","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4050_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","volume":"63","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, Muscedere J, Sweeney DA, Palmer LB, Napolitano LM, O'Grady NP, Bartlett JG, Carratal\u00e0 J, el Solh AA, Ewig S, Fey PD, File TM Jr, Restrepo MI, Roberts JA, Waterer GW, Cruse P, Knight SL, Brozek JL (2016) Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis 63(5):e61\u2013e111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw353","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"4050_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c179","DOI":"10.1159\/000339789","volume":"120","author":"A Khwaja","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khwaja A (2012) KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron 120(4):c179\u2013c184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000339789","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"4050_CR11","unstructured":"(UK) NCGC (2013) Intravenous Fluid Therapy. Royal College of Physicians (UK). http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25340240. Accessed 7 July 2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"4050_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000143","volume":"52","author":"MM Okam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okam MM, Shaykevich S, Ebert BL, Zaslavsky AM, Ayanian JZ (2014) National trends in hospitalizations for sickle cell disease in the United States following the FDA approval of hydroxyurea, 1998-2008. Med Care 52(7):612\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000143","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"4050_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103360","volume":"35","author":"HG Keitel","year":"1956","unstructured":"Keitel HG, Thompson D, Itano HA (1956) Hyposthenuria in sickle cell Anemia: a reversible renal defect. J Clin Invest 35(9):998\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI103360","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"24","key":"4050_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2014-02-557439","volume":"123","author":"CC Sharpe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharpe CC, Thein SL (2014) How I treat renal complications in sickle cell disease. Blood 123(24):3720\u20133726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2014-02-557439","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"13","key":"4050_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900","volume":"59","author":"MT Gladwin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gladwin MT, Sachdev V (2012) Cardiovascular abnormalities in sickle cell disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(13):1123\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4050_CR16","first-page":"7","volume":"68","author":"MT Jenkins","year":"1950","unstructured":"Jenkins MT, Jones RF, Wilson B, Moyer CA (1950) Congestive atelectasis; a complication of the intravenous infusion of fluids. Trans Meet Am Surg Assoc Am Surg Assoc 68:7\u201327 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14788139. Accessed 2 July 2019","journal-title":"Trans Meet Am Surg Assoc Am Surg Assoc"},{"issue":"933","key":"4050_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.933.384","volume":"79","author":"AK Siddiqui","year":"2003","unstructured":"Siddiqui AK, Ahmed S (2003) Pulmonary manifestations of sickle cell disease. Postgrad Med J 79(933):384\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pmj.79.933.384","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4050_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90624-8","volume":"80","author":"J Haynes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Haynes J, Allison RC (1986) Pulmonary edema. Am J Med 80(5):833\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90624-8","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4050_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.5.1787","volume":"89","author":"EP Vichinsky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vichinsky EP, Styles LA, Colangelo LH, Wright EC, Castro O, Nickerson B (1997) Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: clinical presentation and course. Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease. Blood 89(5):1787\u20131792 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9057664. Accessed 2 July 2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"4050_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(99)70162-9","volume":"135","author":"CT Quinn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Quinn CT, Buchanan GR (1999) The acute chest syndrome of sickle cell disease. J Pediatr 135(4):416\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(99)70162-9","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4050_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000257397.92466.50","volume":"28","author":"JK Graham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Graham JK, Mosunjac M, Hanzlick RL, Mosunjac M (2007) Sickle cell lung disease and sudden death. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 28(2):168\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.paf.0000257397.92466.50","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"4050_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1163-7","volume":"19","author":"M Ostermann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ostermann M, Straaten HMO, Forni LG (2015) Fluid overload and acute kidney injury: cause or consequence? Crit Care 19:443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-015-1163-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4050_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang N, Jiang L, Zhu B, Wen Y, Xi X-M, Beijing Acute Kidney Injury Trial (BAKIT) Workgroup. Fluid balance and mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a multicenter prospective epidemiological study. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):371. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-015-1085-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1085-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"4050_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1998.tb00989.x","volume":"60","author":"I Okpala","year":"1998","unstructured":"Okpala I (1998) The management of crisis in sickle cell disease. Eur J Haematol 60(1):1\u20136 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9451421. Accessed July 2, 2019","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4050_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1965.03870010012003","volume":"116","author":"FE HATCH","year":"1965","unstructured":"HATCH FE, DIGGS LW (1965) Fluid balance in sickle-cell disease. Arch Intern Med 116(1):10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.1965.03870010012003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"4050_CR26","unstructured":"Glassberg J (2011) Evidence-based management of sickle cell disease in the emergency department. Emerg Med Pract 13(8):1\u201320. quiz 20. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22164362. Accessed 2 July 2019"},{"key":"4050_CR27","unstructured":"Yale SH, Nagib N, Guthrie T (2000) Approach to the vaso-occlusive crisis in adults with sickle cell disease. Am Fam Physician 61(5):1349\u20131356, 1363-1364. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10735342. Accessed 21 Aug 2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"4050_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22265","volume":"87","author":"ST Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller ST, Kim H-Y, Weiner D, Wager CG, Gallagher D, Styles L, Dampier CD, for the Investigators of the Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network (SCDCRN) (2012) Inpatient management of sickle cell pain: a \u201csnapshot\u201d of current practice. Am J Hematol 87(3):333\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.22265","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4050_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197310000-00005","volume":"266","author":"RB Guy","year":"1973","unstructured":"Guy RB, Gavrilis PK, Rothenberg SP (1973) In vitro and in vivo effect of hypotonic saline on the sickling phenomenon. Am J Med Sci 266(4):267\u2013277 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4757805. Accessed 2 July 2019","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"4050_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V55.5.823.823","volume":"55","author":"MR Clark","year":"1980","unstructured":"Clark MR, Guatelli JC, Mohandas N, Shohet SB (1980) Influence of red cell water content on the morphology of sickling. Blood 55(5):823\u2013830 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6767510. Accessed 2 July 2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"24","key":"4050_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-780635","volume":"130","author":"MA Carden","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carden MA, Fay ME, Lu X, Mannino RG, Sakurai Y, Ciciliano JC, Hansen CE, Chonat S, Joiner CH, Wood DK, Lam WA (2017) Extracellular fluid tonicity impacts sickle red blood cell deformability and adhesion. Blood 130(24):2654\u20132663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2017-04-780635","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"20","key":"4050_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011133032002","volume":"303","author":"RM Rosa","year":"1980","unstructured":"Rosa RM, Bierer BE, Thomas R, Stoff JS, Kruskall M, Robinson S, Bunn HF, Epstein FH (1980) A study of induced hyponatremia in the prevention and treatment of sickle-cell crisis. N Engl J Med 303(20):1138\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198011133032002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4050_CR33","first-page":"329","volume":"8","author":"RM Rosa","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rosa RM, Bierer BE, Bunn HF, Epstein FH (1982) The treatment of sickle cell anemia with induced hyponatremia. Blood Cells 8(2):329\u2013335 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7159756. Accessed 3 July 2019","journal-title":"Blood Cells"},{"issue":"8","key":"4050_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016121341","volume":"28","author":"C Zoccali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zoccali C, Moissl U, Chazot C, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Arkossy O, Wabel P, Stuard S (2017) Chronic fluid overload and mortality in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 28(8):2491\u20132497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016121341","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4050_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000100127.54107.57","volume":"14","author":"DA Goodkin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goodkin DA, Bragg-Gresham JL, Koenig KG, Wolfe RA, Akiba T, Andreucci VE, Saito A, Rayner HC, Kurokawa K, Port FK, Held PJ, Young EW (2003) Association of comorbid conditions and mortality in hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States: the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (DOPPS). J Am Soc Nephrol 14(12):3270\u20133277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.asn.0000100127.54107.57","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4050_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4081\/hr.2009.e22","volume":"1","author":"T Wun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wun T, Hassell K (2010) Best practices for transfusion for patients with sickle cell disease. Hematol Rep 1(2):22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/hr.2009.e22","journal-title":"Hematol Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"4050_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.10517","volume":"312","author":"BP Yawn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yawn BP, Buchanan GR, Afenyi-Annan AN, Ballas SK, Hassell KL, James AH, Jordan L, Lanzkron SM, Lottenberg R, Savage WJ, Tanabe PJ, Ware RE, Murad MH, Goldsmith JC, Ortiz E, Fulwood R, Horton A, John-Sowah J (2014) Management of Sickle Cell Disease. JAMA 312(10):1033\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.10517","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"20","key":"4050_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5297","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-11-261834","volume":"117","author":"ST Miller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miller ST (2011) How I treat acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease. Blood 117(20):5297\u20135305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2010-11-261834","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"4050_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e661","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.e661","volume":"111","author":"J-AM Talano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Talano J-AM, Hillery CA, Gottschall JL, Baylerian DM, Scott JP (2003) Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction\/hyperhemolysis syndrome in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatrics 111(6):e661\u2013e665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.111.6.e661","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"4050_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000446265","volume":"2","author":"E Frazee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frazee E, Kashani K (2016) Fluid management for critically ill patients: a review of the current state of fluid therapy in the intensive care unit. Kidney Dis 2(2):64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000446265","journal-title":"Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["Annals of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-020-04050-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-020-04050-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-020-04050-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T23:31:26Z","timestamp":1620084686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00277-020-04050-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-020-04050-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-5555","1432-0584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-5555","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of California Los Angeles institutional research committee and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No identifying information is present in this article and thus informed consent was waived. The study was approved by the University of California Los Angeles institutional research committee.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}