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However, the impact of different bacterial species causing BSI and of multiple BSI remains incompletely understood. We performed a retrospective study profiling 637 bacterial BSI episodes in hematological and oncological patients. Based on the 30-day (30d) overall survival (OS), we analyzed different types of multiple BSI and grouped BSI-associated bacteria into clusters followed by further assessment of clinical and infection-related characteristics. We discovered that polymicrobial BSI (different organisms on the first day of a BSI episode) and sequential BSI (another BSI before the respective BSI episode) were associated with a worse 30d OS. Different bacterial groups could be classified into three BSI outcome clusters based on 30d OS: favorable (FAV) including mainly common skin contaminants,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.; intermediate (INT) including mainly\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., vancomycin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN); and adverse (ADV) including MDRGN with an additional carbapenem-resistance (MDRGN+CR). A polymicrobial or sequential BSI especially influenced the outcome in the combination of two INT cluster BSI. The presence of a polymicrobial BSI and the assignment into the BSI outcome clusters were identified as independent risk factors for 30d mortality in a Cox multivariate regression analysis. The assignment to a BSI outcome cluster and the differentiated perspective of multiple BSI open new insights into the prognosis of patients with BSI and should be further validated in other patient cohorts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04541-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T18:11:53Z","timestamp":1620065513000},"page":"1593-1602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Profiling of bacterial bloodstream infections in hematological and oncological patients based on a comparative survival analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Magh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hogardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volkhard A. 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