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Moreover, preventive vaccination demonstrated reduced efficacy and the knowledge on influencing factors is limited. In this single-center study, antibody levels of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured\u2009\u2265\u20092\u00a0weeks after 2nd COVID-19 vaccination with a concentration\u2009\u2265\u20090.8 U\/mL considered positive. Between July and October 2021, in a total of 373 patients (median age 64\u00a0years, 44% women) with myeloid neoplasms (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009214, 57%), lymphoid neoplasms (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009124, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933%), and other diseases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935, 10%), vaccination was performed with BNT162b2 (BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChADOx1 (AstraZeneca), or a combination. A total of 229 patients (61%) were on active therapy within 3\u00a0months prior vaccination and 144 patients (39%) were previously treated or treatment na\u00efve. Vaccination-related antibody response was negative in 56\/373 patients (15%): in 39\/124 patients with lymphoid neoplasms, 13\/214 with myeloid neoplasms, and 4\/35 with other diseases. Active treatment per se was not correlated with negative response. However, rituximab and BTK inhibitor treatment were correlated significantly with a negative vaccination response, whereas younger age and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) disease were associated with positive response. In addition, 5 of 6 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and negative vaccination response were on active treatment with ruxolitinib. In conclusion, a remarkable percentage of patients with hematological diseases had no response after 2nd COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariable analysis revealed important factors associated with response to vaccination. The results may serve as a guide for better protection and surveillance in this vulnerable patient cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-022-04866-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T20:09:06Z","timestamp":1653163746000},"page":"1825-1834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Definition of factors associated with negative antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with hematological diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Jil","family":"Rotterdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Thiaucourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christel","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana","family":"Schwaab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kreil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurenz","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Fenchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning D.","family":"Popp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolf-Karsten","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Bonatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Gerhards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Neumaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan A.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonika","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Jawhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0357-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Saussele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4866_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chavez-MacGregor M, Lei X, Zhao H, Scheet P, Giordano SH (2021) Evaluation of COVID-19 mortality and adverse outcomes in US patients with or without cancer. 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Dr. Reiter received research funding by Blueprint Medicines, Novartis, BMS\/Celgene, Incyte, AbbVie, AOP, and GSK, and honoraria by Blueprint Medicines, Novartis, BMS\/Celgene, Incyte, AOP, and GSK and has served on advisory boards for Blueprint Medicines, Novartis, BMS\/Celgene, Incyte, AbbVie, and AOP. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.The scientific work on which this publication is based was not financially supported. The abovementioned financial support therefore should not constitute a conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}