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We present outcomes data for three pre-specified treatments not assessed in the primary analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Data were retrospectively collected from sites in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. Patients were aged \u226518 years with histologically confirmed DLBCL and received \u22652 systemic therapies for DLBCL (including \u22651 anti-CD20 therapy). Patients enrolled in the observational and L-MIND cohorts were matched using propensity score-based 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, balanced for six covariates. Tafasitamab+lenalidomide was compared with polatuzumab vedotin+bendamustine+rituximab (pola-BR), rituximab+lenalidomide (R2), and CD19-chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included treatment response and progression-free survival.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>From 200 sites, 3,454 patients were enrolled in the observational cohort. Strictly matched patient pairs consisted of tafasitamab+lenalidomide versus pola-BR (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 24 pairs), versus R2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 33 pairs), and versus CAR-T therapies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 37 pairs). A significant OS benefit was observed with tafasitamab+lenalidomide versus pola-BR (HR: 0.441; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.034) and R2 (HR: 0.435; <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.012). Comparable OS was observed in tafasitamab+lenalidomide and CAR-T cohorts (HR: 0.953, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.892).<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Tafasitamab+lenalidomide appeared to improve survival outcomes versus pola-BR and R2, and comparable outcomes were observed versus CAR-T. Although based on limited patient numbers, these data may help to contextualize emerging therapies for R\/R DLBCL.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NCT04697160 (January 6, 2021)<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05196-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T10:03:40Z","timestamp":1683885820000},"page":"1773-1787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["RE-MIND2: comparative effectiveness of tafasitamab plus lenalidomide versus polatuzumab vedotin\/bendamustine\/rituximab (pola-BR), CAR-T therapies, and lenalidomide\/rituximab (R2) based on real-world data in patients with relapsed\/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6955-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz S.","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dok Hyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Mondello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erel","family":"Joffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthea","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Fleury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Greil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kibum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Zinzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Trotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Sabatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva E.","family":"Waltl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Winderlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sporchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuwan C.","family":"Kurukulasuriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Cordoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Salles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5196_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30225-4","volume":"21","author":"G Salles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salles G, Duell J, Gonz\u00e1lez Barca E et al (2020) Tafasitamab plus lenalidomide in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (L-MIND): a multicentre, prospective, single-arm, phase 2 study. 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Accessed 9 Nov 2021","DOI":"10.31525\/fda1-ucm581296.htm"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05321-3","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000}}],"container-title":["Annals of Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05196-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05196-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05196-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T06:02:32Z","timestamp":1689141752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05196-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05196-4","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05321-3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0939-5555","1432-0584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-5555","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0584","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2023","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05321-3","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-023-05321-3","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statements and declarations"}},{"value":"The RE-MIND2 protocol was submitted to and approved by, or received a favorable opinion from, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Independent Ethics Committee according to national or local regulations. Any protocol amendments were also submitted for relevant approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Where applicable, written informed consent (approved by an independent ethics committee [IEC]\/IRB) was obtained from patients prior to data collection. A waiver of consent was obtained from the responsible IEC\/IRB in accordance with local laws or regulations for the following countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, and the United States. In accordance with French declaration of conformity MR-004 for research that reuses data, a Patient Information Sheet was used to inform patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"This study was designed, implemented, and reported in accordance with Guidelines for GoodPharmacoepidemiology Practices, Section 4.9.5 of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use GoodClinical Practices guidelines and the ethical principles laid down in the Declaration of\u00a0Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"<b>Grzegorz S. Nowakowski:<\/b> Consultancy and Membership on an entity\u2019s Board of Directors or advisory committees: Celgene, MorphoSys, Genentech, Selvita, Debiopharm Group, Kite\/Gilead; Research Funding: Celgene, NanoString Technologies, MorphoSys. <b>Dok Hyun Yoon:<\/b> No disclosure. <b>Patrizia Mondello:<\/b> No disclosure. <b>Erel Joffe:<\/b> Consultancy: AstraZeneca, Epizyme. <b>Anthea Peters:<\/b> Consultancy and Honoraria: AbbVie, Incyte. <b>Isabelle Fleury:<\/b> Conference and advisory role: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Kite-Gilead, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Seattle Genetics. <b>Richard Greil:<\/b> Honoraria: Amgen, Sandoz, Sankyo, Sanofi, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Celgene; Other (travel, accommodations, expenses): Amgen, Sankyo, Sanofi, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Janssen, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Celgene; Research Funding: Amgen, Sandoz, Sankyo, Sanofi, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Celgene; Consultancy: Sankyo, Sanofi, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Janssen, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Celgene; Membership on an entity\u2019s Board of Directors or advisory committees: Sankyo, Sanofi, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Janssen, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Takeda, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Novartis, Celgene. <b>Matthew Ku:<\/b> Consultancy: Roche, Antegene, Genor Biopharma. <b>Reinhard Marks:<\/b> Membership on an entity\u2019s Board of Directors or advisory committees: Kite\/Gilead; Other (meeting attendance): AbbVie; Honoraria: Kite\/Gilead; Consultancy: Merck. <b>Kibum Kim:<\/b> Research funding: AstraZeneca. <b>Pier Luigi Zinzani:<\/b> Consultancy: BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda, EUSA Pharma, ADC Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Celgene, Celltrion, Kyowa Kirin, Roche, Verastem, Sandoz, Novartis, Incyte, TG Therapeutics Inc, Servier, Janssen-Cilag, Gilead, ImmuneDesign, Sanofi; Membership on an entity\u2019s Board of Directors or advisory committees: BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda, EUSA Pharma, ADC Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Celgene, Celltrion, Kyowa Kirin, Roche, Verastem, Sandoz, Novartis, Incyte, TG Therapeutics Inc, Servier, Janssen-Cilag, Gilead, ImmuneDesign, Portola, Sanofi, AbbVie; Speakers Bureau: BeiGene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda, EUSA Pharma, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Celgene, Celltrion, Kyowa Kirin, Roche, Verastem, Sandoz, Novartis, Incyte, TG Therapeutics Inc, Servier, Janssen-Cilag, Gilead, ImmuneDesign, Portola, AbbVie; Honoraria: Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda, EUSA Pharma, ADC Therapeutics, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Kyowa Kirin, Roche, Verastem, Incyte, TG Therapeutics Inc, Servier, Janssen-Cilag, AbbVie; Research funding: Portola. <b>Judith Trotman:<\/b> Research funding: BeiGene, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Janssen, PCYC Pharmacyclics. <b>Lorenzo Sabatelli:<\/b> Employee and equity holder of Incyte Biosciences International. <b>Eva E. Waltl:<\/b> Employee of MorphoSys AG. <b>Mark Winderlich<\/b>: Employee of MorphoSys AG with stock options, patents, and royalties. <b>Andrea Sporchia:<\/b> Employee of MorphoSys AG. <b>Nuwan C. Kurukulasuriya:<\/b> Employee and equity holder of MorphoSys AG with meetings\/travel support provided by MorphoSys AG. <b>Raul Cordoba:<\/b> Research Funding: Pfizer; Membership on an entity\u2019s Board of Directors or advisory committees: Kyowa-Kirin, Roche, AbbVie, ADC Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Incyte, Takeda, Janssen, Kite; Speakers Bureau: Roche, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Takeda, Janssen, Kite. <b>Georg Hess:<\/b> Honoraria: Roche, Janssen, Incyte, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Genmab, Gilead, EUSA; Membership on an entity\u2019s Board of Directors or advisory committees: Roche, Janssen, Incyte, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Genmab, Gilead, EUSA; Research Funding: Roche, Janssen, Incyte, AbbVie, Gilead\/Kite. <b>Gilles Salles:<\/b> Consultancy: Genmab, Epizyme, Roche\/Genentech, Janssen, Ipsen, Novartis, Bristol-Myers Squibb\/Celgene, BeiGene, AbbVie, Kite\/Gilead, Incyte, Debiopharm, Loxo, Miltenyi, MorphoSys AG, Rapt, Regeneron, Takeda, Velosbio, Allogene; Membership on an entity\u2019s Board of Directors or advisory committees: Genmab, Epizyme, Janssen, Roche\/Genentech, Novartis, BeiGene, Kite\/Gilead, Incyte, Debiopharm, Loxo, MorphoSys AG, Rapt, Takeda, Velosbio; Honoraria: Epizyme, Janssen, Bristol-Myers Squibb\/Celgene, AbbVie, Bayer, MorphoSys AG, Regeneron.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}