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In this retrospective study, the ASCT group underwent consolidative ASCT after first-line therapy at 14 transplantation centers in China between January 2001 and December 2019. Data were collected over the same time frame for the non-ASCT group from the database of lymphoma patient records at Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute. A total of 120 and 317 patients were enrolled in the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively, and their median ages were 43\u00a0years and 51\u00a0years, respectively. In the ASCT group, 101 patients had achieved complete remission (CR) and 19 patients had achieved partial remission at the time of ASCT. The median follow-up time was 40.2\u00a0months and 68\u00a0months, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 80.6% and 48.9% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) for the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively. The beneficial effect of ASCT for OS remained even after propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis (81.6% vs 68.3%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Among the 203 patients who were aged\u2009\u2264\u200965\u00a0years and achieved CR, ASCT conferred a significant survival benefit (3-year progression-free survival [PFS]: 67.4% vs 47.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004; 3-year OS: 84.0% vs 74.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010), and this was also maintained after PSM analysis (3-year PFS: 66.6% vs 48.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042; 3-year OS: 84.8% vs 70.5%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011). Consolidative ASCT improved the survival outcome of PTCL patients, even those who achieved CR after first-line therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-023-05416-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T16:02:13Z","timestamp":1694534533000},"page":"3185-3193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves survival outcomes in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a multicenter retrospective real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenrong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haisheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehong","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiubin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3479-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4124","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.4558","volume":"26","author":"J Vose","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vose J, Armitage J, Weisenburger D (2008) International peripheral T-cell and natural killer\/T-cell lymphoma study: pathology findings and clinical outcomes. 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The study was approved by the institutional review board of the lead institution of Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute and all other participating institutions, and the necessity for patient informed consent was waived (No. 2018KT84).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The informed consent was waived based on the use of a deidentified data set.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}