{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:01:39Z","timestamp":1740106899684,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"Copenhagen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Hematol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnosis of multiple myeloma requires detection of paraproteinemia and confirmation of monoclonal bone marrow infiltration, along with signs of end-organ damage. Despite the increasing prevalence, serum paraproteinemia is not routinely measured. We examined the relationship between alterations in routine hematological parameters and the development of paraproteinemia in a case-control study. Data was retrieved from a laboratory database in the capital region of Denmark between 01\/01\/2012 and 31\/12\/2022. Patients were included if they had a test for paraproteinemia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009134,740) and at least one prior hematological parameter (white blood cells, hemoglobin and platelet count) with a minimum follow-up of 1 year.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Between 96,999 and 103,590 patients were included in each of the three hematological groups. We found white blood cell count and the presence of paraproteinemia followed an inverse J-shaped curve, with the highest presence below 3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L and above &gt;\u20099\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L. The adjusted OR below and above the nadir of 4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L was 1.61 (95% CI 1.25; 2.08, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and 1.03 (95% CI 1.03; 1.04, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated the presence of paraproteinemia, with the highest association below 6 mmol\/L with an OR of 1.30 (95% CI 1.28; 1.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) adjusted for age and gender. Platelet count followed a U-shaped curve with the highest association at &lt;\u2009100\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L. The adjusted OR below and above the nadir of 250\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L was 1.13 (95% CI 1.10; 1.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.08; 1.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) respectively. In conclusion, all three parameters showed significant association with later paraproteinemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05822-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T04:01:41Z","timestamp":1717646501000},"page":"3005-3013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of routine hematological parameters with the development of monoclonal gammopathies: a case-control study of 134,740 patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"R\u00f8llum-Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4123-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Elise","family":"Engell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Diaz-delCastillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2754-0800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Heegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6374-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik L\u00f8vendahl","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-078022","volume":"111","author":"RA Kyle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV (2008) Multiple myeloma. 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